{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:56:28Z","timestamp":1787021788073,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["688207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["688207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004784","name":"Novartis Stiftung f\u00fcr Medizinisch-Biologische Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19B134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19B134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009736","name":"Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R. Geigy-Stiftung"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010666","name":"H2020 Research Infrastructures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Infravec2","award":["5505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5505"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Insecticide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes is seriously threatening the success of insecticide-based malaria vector control. Surveillance of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations and identifying the underlying mechanisms enables optimisation of vector control strategies. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in three\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                    field populations from southern C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, including Agboville, Dabou and Tiassal\u00e9. All three populations were resistant to bendiocarb, deltamethrin and DDT, but not or only very weakly resistant to malathion. The absence of malathion resistance is an unexpected result because we found the acetylcholinesterase mutation\n                    <jats:italic>Ace1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -G280S at high frequencies, which would typically confer cross-resistance to carbamates and organophosphates, including malathion. Notably, Tiassal\u00e9 was the most susceptible population to malathion while being the most resistant one to the pyrethroid deltamethrin. The resistance ratio to deltamethrin between Tiassal\u00e9 and the laboratory reference colony was 1,800 fold. By sequencing the transcriptome of individual mosquitoes, we found numerous cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases \u2013 including CYP6M2, CYP6P2, CYP6P3, CYP6P4 and CYP6P5 \u2013 overexpressed in all three field populations. This could be an indication for negative cross-resistance caused by overexpression of pyrethroid-detoxifying cytochrome P450s that may activate pro-insecticides, thereby increasing malathion susceptibility. In addition to the P450s, we found several overexpressed carboxylesterases, glutathione\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -transferases and other candidates putatively involved in insecticide resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T13:25:52Z","timestamp":1644499552000},"page":"e1009963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multi-insecticide resistant malaria vectors in the field remain susceptible to malathion, despite the presence of Ace1 point mutations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2045-1410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadja C.","family":"Wipf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandrille","family":"Duchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-3376","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"France-Paraudie A.","family":"Kouadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7624-6769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Behi K.","family":"Fodjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9189-5131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christabelle G.","family":"Sadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choua\u00efbou S.","family":"Mouhamadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5038-1361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Vavassori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3122-1941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pascal","family":"M\u00e4ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-9510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mavridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8704-2574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Vontas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-5781","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pie","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7572","key":"pgen.1009963.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pgen.1009963.ref002","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2020 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"pgen.1009963.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2018.08.007","article-title":"Resistance: a problem without an easy solution","volume":"151","author":"J. 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