{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:00:01Z","timestamp":1791342001089,"version":"4.3.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010001","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000}}],"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao S.A.R","award":["0106\/2020\/A and 0033\/2021\/A1)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0106\/2020\/A and 0033\/2021\/A1)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/07870-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/07870-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/14821-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/14821-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["301058\/2019-9 and 404735\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301058\/2019-9 and 404735\/2018-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, which is caused by the filamentous fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a life-threatening infection for immunosuppressed patients. Chromatin structure regulation is important for genome stability maintenance and has the potential to drive genome rearrangements and affect virulence and pathogenesis of pathogens. Here, we performed the first\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    global chromatin profiling of two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, focusing on the two most investigated\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates, Af293 and CEA17. In eukaryotes, H3K4me3 is associated with active transcription, while H3K9me3 often marks silent genes, DNA repeats, and transposons. We found that H3K4me3 deposition is similar between the two isolates, while H3K9me3 is more variable and does not always represent transcriptional silencing. Our work uncovered striking differences in the number, locations, and expression of transposable elements between Af293 and CEA17, and the differences are correlated with H3K9me3 modifications and higher genomic variations among strains of Af293 background. Moreover, we further showed that the Af293 strains from different laboratories actually differ in their genome contents and found a frequently lost region in chromosome VIII. For one such Af293 variant, we identified the chromosomal changes and demonstrated their impacts on its secondary metabolites production, growth and virulence. Overall, our findings not only emphasize the influence of genome heterogeneity on\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    fitness, but also caution about unnoticed chromosomal variations among common laboratory strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1641821353000},"page":"e1010001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chromatin profiling reveals heterogeneity in clinical isolates of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Colabardini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-9833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-5465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lakhansing","family":"Pardeshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9923-4151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clara","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3045-6511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Alves","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2859-1992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Yuri","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-7628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaeling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5580-2831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luisa Czamanski","family":"Nora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6319-631X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafael","family":"Silva-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4838-187X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina","family":"Marcet-Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0019-1735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toni","family":"Gabald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taicia","family":"Fill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-5118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koon Ho","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-350X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo H.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pgen.1010001.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.90","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus morphology and dynamic host interactions","volume":"15","author":"FL van de Veerdonk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgen.1010001.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00140","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00140-18","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019.","volume":"33","author":"JP Latg\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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