{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:15:59Z","timestamp":1793060159817,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010250","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI121337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI121337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The current circulating pandemic El Tor biotype of\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has persisted for over sixty years and is characterized by its acquisition of two unique genomic islands called the\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    Seventh Pandemic Islands 1 and 2 (VSP-I and VSP-II). However, the functions of most of the genes on VSP-I and VSP-II are unknown and the advantages realized by El Tor through these two islands are not clear. Recent studies have broadly implicated these two mobile genetic elements with phage defense. Still, protection against phage infection through these islands has not been observed directly in any\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    El Tor biotype. Here we report the isolation of a circulating phage from a cholera patient stool sample and demonstrate that propagation of this phage in its native host is inhibited by elements in both VSP-I and VSP-II, providing direct evidence for the role of these genomic islands in phage defense. Moreover, we show that these defense systems are regulated by quorum sensing and active only at certain cell densities. Finally, we have isolated a naturally occurring phage variant that is resistant to the defense conferred by the VSP islands, illustrating the countermeasures used by phages to evade these defense mechanisms. Together, this work demonstrates a functional role for the VSPs in\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and highlights the key regulatory and mechanistic insights that can be gained by studying anti-phage systems in their native contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T13:57:44Z","timestamp":1661522264000},"page":"e1010250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Vibrio cholerae Seventh Pandemic Islands act in tandem to defend against a circulating phage"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-2744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brendan J.","family":"O\u2019Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-6604","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wai-Leung","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgen.1010250.ref001","first-page":"E7730","article-title":"Origins of the current seventh cholera pandemic","volume":"113","author":"D Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pgen.1010250.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: Genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease","volume":"99","author":"M 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