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In some species, such as the model plant\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other Solanaceae, the NRC (NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH) network forms up to half of the NLRome, and NRCs are scattered throughout the genome in gene clusters of varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical member of the NRC family that lacks canonical features of these NLR helper proteins, such as a functional N-terminal MADA motif and the capacity to trigger autoimmunity. In contrast to other NRCs, systemic gene silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    markedly impairs plant growth resulting in a dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism of\n                    <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic>\n                    silenced plants is partially dependent on NRCX paralogs NRC2 and NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact on plant growth when silenced systemically, spot gene silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic>\n                    in mature\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves doesn\u2019t result in visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration of\n                    <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression modulates the hypersensitive response mediated by NRC2 and NRC3 in a manner consistent with a negative role for NRCX in the NRC network. We conclude that NRCX is an atypical member of the NRC network that has evolved to contribute to the homeostasis of this genetically unlinked NLR network.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T13:22:46Z","timestamp":1674134566000},"page":"e1010500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7184-744X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-3299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7636-4917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adeline","family":"Harant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-7655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kodai","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AmirAli","family":"Toghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8397-2822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jules","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-7472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cian","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-6875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tolga 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