{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:58:57Z","timestamp":1778767137592,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011238","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000}}],"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCB1923206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCB1923206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of MCDB, University of Michigan","award":["Youngman Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Youngman Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016958","name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P40 OD010440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P40 OD010440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sex determination in the nematode <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic> is controlled by the master regulator XOL-1 during embryogenesis. Expression of <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> is dependent on the ratio of X chromosomes and autosomes, which differs between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. In males, <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> is highly expressed and in hermaphrodites, <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> is expressed at very low levels. XOL-1 activity is known to be critical for the proper development of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic> males, but its low expression was considered to be of minimal importance in the development of hermaphrodite embryos. Our study reveals that XOL-1 plays an important role as a regulator of developmental timing during hermaphrodite embryogenesis. Using a combination of imaging and bioinformatics techniques, we found that hermaphrodite embryos have an accelerated rate of cell division, as well as a more developmentally advanced transcriptional program when <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> is lost. Further analyses reveal that XOL-1 is responsible for regulating the timing of initiation of dosage compensation on the X chromosomes, and the appropriate expression of sex-biased transcriptional programs in hermaphrodites. We found that <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> mutant embryos overexpress the H3K9 methyltransferase MET-2 and have an altered H3K9me landscape. Some of these effects of the loss of <jats:italic>xol-1<\/jats:italic> gene were reversed by the loss of <jats:italic>met-2<\/jats:italic>. These findings demonstrate that XOL-1 plays an important role as a developmental regulator in embryos of both sexes, and that MET-2 acts as a downstream effector of XOL-1 activity in hermaphrodites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T17:46:50Z","timestamp":1723744010000},"page":"e1011238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["XOL-1 regulates developmental timing by modulating the H3K9 landscape in C. elegans early embryos"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1858-5126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eshna","family":"Jash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4670-5000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anati Alyaa","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-9535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hector","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6950-7665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zoey M.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halle Nicole","family":"Escher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-8630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dalia S.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-034X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgyi","family":"Csankovszki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pgen.1011238.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/152.3.999","article-title":"The primary sex determination signal of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"152","author":"I Carmi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"pgen.1011238.ref002","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex determination and X-chromosome dosage compensation","author":"BJ Meyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgen.1011238.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(80)90352-8","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans male: postembryonic development of nongonadal structures","volume":"78","author":"JE Sulston","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"pgen.1011238.ref004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Sex Determination and Sexual DevelopmentCurrent Topics in Developmental Biology","author":"JR Wolff","year":"2008"},{"key":"pgen.1011238.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2015.04.001","article-title":"Balancing up and downregulation of the C.","volume":"31","author":"AC Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"elegans X chromosomes. 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