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The process depends on a condensin-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC), which binds the X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to repress gene expression by a factor of 2. Condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> and an additional five DCC components must be present on the X during early embryogenesis in hermaphrodites to establish dosage compensation. However, whether the DCC\u2019s continued presence is required to maintain the repressed state once established is unknown. Beyond the role of condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> in X chromosome compaction, additional mechanisms contribute to X-linked gene repression. DPY-21, a non-condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> DCC component, is an H4K20me2\/3 demethylase whose activity enriches the repressive histone mark, H4 lysine 20 monomethylation, on the X chromosomes. In addition, CEC-4, a protein that tethers H3K9me3-rich chromosomal regions to the nuclear lamina, also contributes to X-linked gene repression. To investigate the necessity of condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> during the larval and adult stages of hermaphrodites, we used the auxin-inducible degradation system to deplete the condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> subunit DPY-27. While DPY-27 depletion in the embryonic stages resulted in lethality, DPY-27 depleted larvae and adults survive. In these DPY-27 depleted strains, condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> was no longer associated with the X chromosome, the X became decondensed, and the H4K20me1 mark was gradually lost, leading to X-linked gene derepression (about 1.4-fold). These results suggest that the stable maintenance of dosage compensation requires the continued presence of condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup>. A loss-of-function mutation in <jats:italic>cec-4<\/jats:italic>, in addition to the depletion of DPY-27 or the genetic mutation of <jats:italic>dpy-21<\/jats:italic>, led to even more significant increases in X-linked gene expression (about 1.7-fold), suggesting that CEC-4 helps stabilize repression mediated by condensin I<jats:sup>DC<\/jats:sup> and H4K20me1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:41:22Z","timestamp":1744220482000},"page":"e1011247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Condensin IDC, DPY-21, and CEC-4 maintain X chromosome repression in C. elegans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Trombley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9268-1723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Audry I.","family":"Rakozy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian 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