{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:30:51Z","timestamp":1786645851499,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012267","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000}}],"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Major Project of the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","award":["no. 202502AE090045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202502AE090045"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Major Project of the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","award":["no. 202302AE090016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202302AE090016"]}]},{"name":"the Basic Research Key Project of Yunnan Province, China","award":["no. 202501AS070041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202501AS070041"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation Guidance and Technology Enterprise Cultivation Program of Weishan County","award":["no. 202404BU090023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202404BU090023"]}]},{"name":"the Agricultural Joint Project of the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","award":["no. 202401BD070001-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202401BD070001-004"]}]},{"name":"the Research Start-up Fund for High-level Recruited Talent of Yunnan Open University"},{"name":"the Project of Academician and Expert\u2019s Workstation in Yunnan Province","award":["no. 202405AF140009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202405AF140009"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Academician and Expert\u2019s Workstation in Yunnan Province","award":["no. 202605AF350075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 202605AF350075"]}]},{"name":"the Yunnan Black Pig New Breed Breeding Team","award":["Yun Cai Jiao [2024] No. 104, A3012024043003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yun Cai Jiao [2024] No. 104, A3012024043003"]}]},{"name":"the Yunnan Province Expert Grassroots Research Workstation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acting as the central endocrine hub, the pituitary gland is closely related to the mechanism of adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. Here, by integratively combining long-read (Oxford Nanopore) and short-read (Illumina) single-cell sequencing approaches, we profiled pituitaries from Diqing Tibetan pigs, inhabiting high-altitude environments (3,200 m) and Diannan small-ear pigs from low-altitude regions (500 m), thereby generating a full-length single-cell atlas, which in turn enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms potentially underlying adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia stress. Systematically delineating pituitary structure and transcriptional dynamics, we profiled 27,339 single cells encompassing 28,932 expressed genes. Leveraging unsupervised clustering coupled with marker-based annotation, we identified ten major cell types. Expression profiling of 20 canonical marker genes revealed pronounced cell-type-specific expression patterns, ten of which were independently validated by immunofluorescence, thus substantiating the accuracy of cell-type annotation. Gene-ontology enrichment analysis further suggested that upregulated genes were predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism and energy production, whereas downregulated genes were significantly associated with protein biosynthesis and translation processes, indicating a functional reprogramming of metabolic pathways. Moreover, comparative analyses between breeds and cell\u2013cell communication analyses highlighted pathway shifts, including broad upregulation of the collagen family and four ligand\u2013receptor pairs that may mediate pituitary intercellular coordination. In parallel, transcription-factor activity analysis nominated several regulators, including EBF3, DBX2, and TCF21, which may collectively contribute to altitude-associated adaptation. Finally, integrating long-read sequencing data revealed widespread transcript isoform diversity, with ~28% novel annotations, indicating considerable isoform complexity in pigs. Our findings delineate cellular heterogeneity, inferred intercellular communication networks, and transcript-isoform diversity in the porcine pituitary, thereby providing a cell-resolved resource for understanding pituitary features associated with high-altitude environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:41:28Z","timestamp":1786383688000},"page":"e1012267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating short-read and long-read single-cell transcriptomics of pig pituitary reveals mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia 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