{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T19:06:38Z","timestamp":1788894398029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012292","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000}}],"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program of Shandong Province of China","award":["2026CXPT225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026CXPT225"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory","award":["LSKJ202203103 and QNLM030004-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSKJ202203103 and QNLM030004-3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025YFF0516900 and 2025YFF0516902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFF0516900 and 2025YFF0516902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42221005 and 42530409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42221005 and 42530409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2024ZD49 and ZR2023QD182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024ZD49 and ZR2023QD182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Qingdao West Coast New District University Presidents Fund","award":["E42424101N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E42424101N"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program","award":["tstp20230637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20230637"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosgenetics.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polyurethane (PU) is a synthetic polymer characterized by highly stable urethane linkages that hinder biological turnover. Although fungi have been implicated in PU degradation, the molecular mechanisms that couple polymer surface sensing to enzymatic depolymerization remain largely undefined. Here we show that the marine-derived fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata<\/jats:italic>\n                    FB1 employs a surface-sensing signaling pathway that drives\u00a0appressorium-mediated\u00a0degradation of both polyester and polyether PUs. Contact with hydrophobic polymer surfaces rapidly induces melanized appressoria that mechanically penetrate the polymer matrix and promote its oxidative and hydrolytic depolymerization. Integrative transcriptomic analysis and targeted gene disruption identify the mucin-like surface sensor Msb2 as an upstream component of the polyurethane surface-sensing machinery. Loss of Msb2 disrupts MAPK and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    signaling, impairs appressorium differentiation, and reduces expression of degradative enzymes. Biochemical profiling further reveals multiple urethane-hydrolyzing enzymes that expand the known catalytic repertoire for PU bond cleavage. Together, these findings establish a mechanistic framework linking surface recognition, appressorium development, and polymer degradation, providing insight into how fungi transform recalcitrant polyurethane materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:48:12Z","timestamp":1788198492000},"page":"e1012292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fungal appressoria as mechanochemical organelles for polyurethane degradation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4429-0896","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fan","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"],"department":["Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea 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