{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:17:46Z","timestamp":1790270266965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The majority of the districts of Nepal (63 out of 77) were detected as prevalent of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), with an average prevalence of 13 percent ranging from less than one to 39 percent in Nepal. Despite people\u2019s ignorance about the LF, the government has a target to eliminate LF by 2020. The study aimed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of the mode of transmission of LF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study used a cross-sectional design. Secondary data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 were analysed. Altogether, 11040 participants participated in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variables, whereas household heads\u2019 knowledge of LF transmission was the dependent variable. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of the mode of transmission.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings showed that only 28 percent of household-heads correctly identified the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis in the study. Household head\u2019s age, sex, wealth status, place of residence in terms of areas, geo-belt and province, migration history, and household assets such as bed nets, Radio, TV were significantly associated with the knowledge of the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. Variables: wealth status, sex, residence, eco-belts, possessing bed nets, and Radio appeared as significant predictors for knowledge of the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. The richest to the poorest people had lower odds ranging from 0.22 to 0.53 for knowing the mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis compared to the richest people (p = 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study identified the population groups with a low level of knowledge of modes of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. Thus, it can be inferred from the study that relevant programs need to focus on women, people residing in the mountains and Terai, and those belonging to the middle and poor wealth index. The study also emphasizes that information, education, and communication materials can effectively impart knowledge of Lymphatic Filariasis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T17:21:42Z","timestamp":1665508902000},"page":"e0000082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of knowledge regarding mode of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis among population of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-6068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0847-4836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Devaraj","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-7503","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aakriti","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000082.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0491","article-title":"Knowledge and practice related to compliance with mass drug administration during the Egyptian National Filariasis Elimination Program","volume":"89","author":"KMA Elaziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref002","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Monitoring health for the SDGs","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000082.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33425\/2639-9458.1085","article-title":"Management of lymphatic filariasis with impact on morbidity control in Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"M Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X15000309","article-title":"Setaria digitata in advancing our knowledge of human lymphatic filariasis","volume":"90","author":"ANI Perumal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000082.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006994","article-title":"Elimination within reach: A cross-sectional study highlighting the factors that contribute to persistent lymphatic filariasis in eight communities in rural Ghana","volume":"13","author":"C Minetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"125","key":"pgph.0000082.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demographic, socioeconomic and disease knowledge factors, but not population mobility, associated with lymphatic filariasis infection in adult workers in American Samoa in 2014","volume":"13","author":"PM Graves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0000082.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2016.07.003","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis in Southwestern Nigerian rural communities: A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, awareness, and predisposing factors","volume":"82","author":"B Oluwabiyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Glob Heal"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0000082.ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applying a mobile survey tool for assessing lymphatic filariasis morbidity in Mtwara Municipal Council of Tanzania","volume":"3","author":"UJ Mwingira","year":"2017","journal-title":"mHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000082.ref009","first-page":"96","article-title":"Effectiveness of health education in increasing the knowledge on filariasis mass drug adminstration among primary health care worker in South Jakarta, 2013","volume":"2","author":"RR Muralitharan","year":"2014","journal-title":"eJournal Indones Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000082.ref010","first-page":"177","article-title":"Changes in knowledge, behavior, and enrvironmental control for fikariasis prevention with \u201cMANDIRI\u201d pocket book in Pekalongan City society: A longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"A Siwiendrayanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pendidik IPA Indones"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref011","article-title":"Annual Report: Department of Health Services 2070\/71 (2013\/2014)","author":"Department of Health Services","year":"2015","journal-title":"Teku, Kathmandu"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref012","article-title":"Annual Report: Department of Health Services 2074\/75 (2017\/18)","author":"Department of Health Services","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kathmandu"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref013","unstructured":"Department of Health Services. Annual Report: Department of Health Services 2067\/68 (2010\/2011). Kathmandu. Available from: https:\/\/dohs.gov.np\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Annual_report_2067_68_final.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0000082.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003035","article-title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an atitudinal transect in Central Nepal","volume":"8","author":"M Dhimal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref015","article-title":"Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"Ministry of Health, New ERA, ICF","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health, Nepal"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref016","article-title":"The Constitution of Nepal","author":"Nepal Law Commission","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nepal: Member of Parliament. Nepal"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref017","article-title":"National Ethical Guidelines for Health Research in Nepal","author":"Nepal Health Research Council","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nepal Health Research Council Ramshah Path, Kathmandu: Nepal Health Research Council"},{"issue":"e23","key":"pgph.0000082.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding lymphatic filariasis: study on systematic noncompliance with mass drug administration","volume":"59","author":"S Cabral","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sao Paulo Inst Trop Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0000082.ref019","first-page":"19","article-title":"Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices related to the treatment and prevention of Lymphatic Filariasis among the adult residents of Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"MP Azzuwut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jos J Med"},{"issue":"94","key":"pgph.0000082.ref020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitude determinants of Lymphatic Filariasis medication adherence in Subang, Indonesia","volume":"24","author":"M Widawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Heal Sci Res"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref021","first-page":"34","article-title":"Awareness and coverage of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis: A community based cross sectional study in Nepal","volume":"40","author":"RK Adhikari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"issue":"545","key":"pgph.0000082.ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia: A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of residents","volume":"7","author":"NM Al-abd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0000082.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(16)61114-3","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis: Knowledge, attitude and practices among inhabitants of an irrigation project community, North Central Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"EC Amaechi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0000082.ref024","first-page":"85","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude toward lymphatic filariasis (LF) and compliance to mass drug administration (MDA) among households in two rural Barangays","volume":"1","author":"RMF Oducado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J Educ Arts Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0000082.ref025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices for the prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in Conakry, Republic of Guinea","author":"ABL Kouassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"397","key":"pgph.0000082.ref026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis baseline survey in two sentinel sites of Ogun state, Nigeria","volume":"20","author":"PN Okorie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"315","key":"pgph.0000082.ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing knowledge about lymphatic filariasis and the implementation of mass drug administration amongst drug deliverers in three districts\/ cities of Indonesia","volume":"11","author":"CR Titaley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T17:22:25Z","timestamp":1665508945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000082"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nnodimele Onuigbo","family":"Atulomah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]}}}