{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T21:01:27Z","timestamp":1786222887985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014895","name":"Open Philanthropy Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90085575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90085575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uganda has engaged in numerous capacity building activities related to outbreak preparedness over the last two decades and initiated additional just-in-time preparedness activities after the declaration of the 2018\u20132020 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). When Uganda faced importation events related to the DRC outbreak in June\u2014August 2019, the country\u2019s ability to prevent sustained in-country transmission was attributed to these long-term investments in preparedness. In order to help prepare countries for similar future scenarios, this analysis reviewed evidence from Uganda\u2019s response to the June\u2014August 2019 importation events to identify preparedness activities and capacities that may have enabled Uganda to identify and isolate infected individuals or otherwise prevent further transmission. Content from 143 grey literature documents gathered via targeted and systematic searches from June 6, 2019 to October 29, 2019 and six interviews of key informants were utilized to inform a framework evaluation tool developed for this study. A conceptual framework of Uganda\u2019s preparedness activities was developed and evaluated against timelines of Uganda\u2019s response activities to the June\u2014August 2019 EVD importation events based on the applicability of a preparedness activity to a response activity and the contribution of the said response activity to the prevention or interruption of transmission. Preparedness activities related to coordination, health facility preparation, case referral and management, laboratory testing and specimen transport, logistics and resource mobilization, and safe and dignified burials yielded consistent success across both importation events while point of entry screening was successful in one importation event but not another according to the framework evaluation tool. Countries facing similar threats should consider investing in these preparedness areas. Future analyses should validate and expand on the use of the framework evaluation tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T17:49:14Z","timestamp":1652291354000},"page":"e0000428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retrospective identification of key activities in Uganda\u2019s preparedness measures related to the 2018\u20132020 EVD outbreak in eastern DRC utilizing a framework evaluation tool"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-3178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-1660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven","family":"Ssendagire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoda K.","family":"Wanyenze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3560-1952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex Riolexus","family":"Ario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9464-2340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doreen","family":"Tuhebwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Babirye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-362X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nuwematsiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Nuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"pgph.0000428.ref001","article-title":"Uganda\u2019s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018\u20132019","volume":"16","author":"JR Aceng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref002","unstructured":"10th Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared over; vigilance against flare-ups and support for survivors must continue: World Health Organization; 2020 [updated 25 June 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/25-06-2020-10th-ebola-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-declared-over-vigilance-against-flare-ups-and-support-for-survivors-must-continue."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref003","unstructured":"History of Ebola Outbreaks: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021 [updated 19 June 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/history\/chronology.html."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref004","article-title":"Regional Ebola Preparedness: Overview of Needs and Requirements July\u2014December 2019","author":"United Nations","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Nations"},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref005","volume-title":"Uganda Ministry of Health. Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak Uganda Situation Reports","author":"World Health Organization Uganda Country Office","year":"2019"},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref006","unstructured":"Uganda Ministry of Health. Press Releases: Uganda Ministry of Health; 2019 [Available from: https:\/\/www.health.go.ug\/."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref007","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. WHO Regional Director commends Uganda\u2019s Ebola preparedness response: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa; [updated 26 June 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/who-regional-director-commends-ugandas-ebola-preparedness-response."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref008","unstructured":"Aceng JR. Managing Epidemics, The Ugandan Experience. Uganda Ministry of Health."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref009","unstructured":"Uganda Field Epidemiology Training Program (Master of Public Health): TEPHINET; [Available from: https:\/\/www.tephinet.org\/training-programs\/uganda-field-epidemiology-training-program-master-of-public-health."},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref010","volume-title":"WHO Uganda Ebola Virus Preparedness Updates","author":"World Health Organization Uganda Country Office, Uganda Ministry of Health","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000428.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2019.0118","article-title":"Ebola Virus Disease Preparedness Assessment and Risk Mapping in Uganda, August-September 2018","volume":"18","author":"C Nanziri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Security"},{"key":"pgph.0000428.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.38.130.27391","article-title":"Evaluation of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) preparedness and readiness program in Uganda: 2018 to 2019","volume":"38","author":"P Nsubuga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000428.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6901a3","article-title":"Population Movement Patterns Among the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda During an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease: Results from Community Engagement in Two Districts\u2014Uganda, March 2019","volume":"69","author":"L Nakiire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"issue":"23","key":"pgph.0000428.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234638","article-title":"Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact","volume":"16","author":"VA Mouchtouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T17:49:27Z","timestamp":1652291367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000428"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Reuben","family":"Kiggundu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000428","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]}}}