{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T21:37:43Z","timestamp":1788125863000,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is widely distributed in more than 170 countries around the world, where it poses a huge threat to animal husbandry and human health. Brucellosis is a worldwide re-emerging zoonotic disease that poses serious public health problems in many developing countries including Kenya. However, prevalence of brucellosis has not been determined in Baringo County, Kenya, yet there is a continuous movement of cattle resulting from trade and grazing, thus predisposing many herds to brucellosis infection. We investigated the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in humans and domestic ruminants: sheep, goats, cattle and camels among livestock keeping communities in Baringo County, Kenya. In addition, we analyzed the seropositive samples for molecular detection of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> species. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey using quantitative data collection methods. The diagnosis was carried out using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and the real-time PCR assays. The sero-prevalence of brucellosis among human blood samples was 0.6% (n = 4\/640) in Baringo County. About 22.30% (n = 143\/640) of animal blood samples examined tested positive for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> genus-specific ELISA test. Cattle had a high prevalence of 22.88% (n = 93\/322) followed by camels 20.00% (n = 21\/105), goats 15.48% (n = 24\/155) and subsequently sheep at 8.62% (n = 5\/58). Overall, 7.5% (n = 6\/80) of the seropositive samples amplified with the genus-specific primers. <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic> was detected in one out of the six genus positive samples, while none amplified with the <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>abortus<\/jats:italic> target. Even though there was high prevalence of brucellosis among livestock in Baringo County, the highest prevalence was invariably noted in cattle, followed by camels, goats and sheep, respectively. Livestock keepers had low prevalence of brucellosis. This implies that there was low risk of transmission of brucellosis between livestock keepers and their livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T17:41:54Z","timestamp":1660585314000},"page":"e0000682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of brucellosis in livestock keepers and domestic ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Lokamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses A.","family":"Kutwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elly O.","family":"Munde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickens","family":"Oloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrysone","family":"Atieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sussy","family":"Gumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Akoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2018.1556548","article-title":"Bovine brucellosis: prevalence, risk factors, economic cost and control options with particular reference to India- a review","volume":"8","author":"P Deka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection Ecology & Epidemiology"},{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref002","volume-title":"Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals","author":"IOE: Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000682.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.348","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the Chittagong Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"S Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0000682.ref004","first-page":"631","article-title":"Contributions of biotechnology to the control and prevention of brucellosis in Africa","volume":"3","author":"HL Smits","year":"2004","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref005","author":"AS Jimale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Estimates of the seroprevelance and the associated risk factors of Brucellosis in sheep and goats in Benadir Region of Somalia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi); 2018"},{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref006","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with Brucellosis in livestock in Baringo County","volume":"2016","author":"P Kosgei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University Of Nairobi)"},{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref007","volume-title":"Pastoralists\u2019 perceptions and risk of human brucellosis in kajiado county","author":"PK Mutua","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0000682.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814540545","article-title":"Advancement of knowledge of Brucella over the past 50 years","volume":"51","author":"SC Olsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"pgph.0000682.ref009","author":"H Langoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"S.C. 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