{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T11:44:26Z","timestamp":1750765466745,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Located in West Africa, Cabo Verde is a low income country, with significant gains in health indicators. Mortality is an important demographic factor. Its analysis provides essential statistical data for the design, implementation and evaluation of public health programs. The propose of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of mortality in Cabo Verde between 1995 to 2018. This is an observational, quantitative study that performs demographic analysis of mortality data from the Ministry of Health of Cabo Verde. Specific mortality rates from standardized causes were calculated considering the population of the country as a reference in the year 2010 and also the standardized rate for all causes on each island, aiming at comparing the islands. During the period under analysis, the number of deaths in men was always higher than that of women. The main causes of death were diseases of the circulatory system and with a higher incidence in women. S\u00e3o Nicolau, Brava, and Santo Ant\u00e3o islands have mortality rates, higher than the national level (2010\u20132018). The main cause of premature death in women as identified as diseases of the circulatory system, while in men it is injuries, trauma, poisoning and external causes. There was a 72% decrease in the mortality rate due to unclassified symptoms and clinical signs, and an increase in respiratory diseases and tumours. With the exception of diseases of the circulatory system, mortality rates in men are higher than in women for all the considered causes. A decrease in specific mortality rates by age group is expected for both sexes, with a greater gain in men in the younger age groups. With these data, it is intended to alert health decision-makers about the best strategies to be defined in the reduction of mortality in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T18:22:55Z","timestamp":1678472575000},"page":"e0000753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatio-temporal evolution of mortality in Cape Verde: 1995\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-4637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Domingos Veiga","family":"Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-959X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria da Luz Lima","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-4874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ngibo Mubeta","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-6711","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edna Duarte","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.288332","article-title":"Differences between men and women in mortality and the health dimensions of the morbidity process","volume":"65","author":"EM Crimmins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref002","article-title":"Gender Ratio","author":"H Ritchie","year":"2019","journal-title":"All of Our World in Data"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0000753.ref003","first-page":"9","article-title":"Gender inequalities in external cause mortality in Brazil, 2010.","volume":"20","author":"EC de Moura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cienc e Saude Coletiva"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2017.04.002","article-title":"The gender gap in mortality: How much is explained by behavior?","volume":"54","author":"J Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health EconAvailable from:"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cullen MR, Baiocchi M, Eggleston K, Loftus P, Fuchs V. The Weaker Sex? Vulnerable Men, Resilient Women, and Variations in Sex Differences in Mortality since 1900 [Internet]. Cambridge, MA; 2015 Apr [cited 2020 Oct 14]. Available from: http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21114.","DOI":"10.3386\/w21114"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.07.005","article-title":"Determinants of the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: A study of 17 European countries.","volume":"47","author":"JP Mackenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heal Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14513-7","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of lung cancer: global trends and association with socioeconomic status.","volume":"7","author":"Lao XQ Wong MCSS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"journal-title":"Relat\u00f3rio Estat\u00edstico 2016Praia","year":"2017","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade e Seguran\u00e7a Social de Cabo Verde","key":"pgph.0000753.ref008"},{"article-title":"Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Epidemiol\u00f3gica\/Perfil de Mortalidade da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Vicente, Cabo Verde, no Ano de 2010","year":"2013","author":"MSL Delgado","key":"pgph.0000753.ref009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref010","first-page":"10","article-title":"Easy way to learn standardization: direct and indirect methods.","volume":"7","author":"NN Naing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref011","article-title":"Testes de Hip\u00f3teses com o SPSS\u2013O Meu Manual de Consulta R\u00e1pida","author":"R. Laureano","year":"2013","journal-title":"2a Edi\u00e7\u00e3o. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlaba"},{"issue":"419","key":"pgph.0000753.ref012","first-page":"659","article-title":"Modeling and Forecasting U.S. Mortality","volume":"87","author":"RD Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref013","unstructured":"Alfredo Spedicato G, CStat Gian, Paolo Clemente C. Mortality projection using lifecontingencies, demography and StMoMo packages."},{"journal-title":"Projec\u00e7\u00f5es demograficas Cabo Verde 2010\u20132030","year":"2013","author":"INE","key":"pgph.0000753.ref014"},{"journal-title":"ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of diseases and related health problems. 2nd ed","year":"2004","author":"WHO","key":"pgph.0000753.ref015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47111-w","article-title":"Male mortality rates mirror mortality rates of older females.","volume":"9","author":"P Lenart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref017","article-title":"A review of recent trends in mortality in England","author":"Public Health England","year":"2018","journal-title":"London"},{"issue":"December","key":"pgph.0000753.ref018","first-page":"7","article-title":"Artigo 1o Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Mortalidade em Portugal desde 1950.","volume":"55","author":"E Coelho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Estud Demogr\u00e1ficos"},{"issue":"16","key":"pgph.0000753.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12319","article-title":"Temporal trends in mortality in the United States, 1969\u20132013.","volume":"314","author":"J Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-26","article-title":"Spatio-temporal trends of mortality in small areas of Southern Spain.","volume":"10","author":"R Oc\u00e3a-Riola","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref021","article-title":"On the Determinants of Mortality Reductions in the Developing World","author":"R. Soares","year":"2007","journal-title":"MA"},{"article-title":"CAPE VERDE A SUCCESS STORY Regional-West 2 Department (ORWB)","year":"2012","author":"Regional-West 2 Department","key":"pgph.0000753.ref022"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0000753.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30024-3","article-title":"Burden of disease in francophone Africa, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"8","author":"C El Bcheraoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0000753.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-018-0680-9","article-title":"A Cause-of-Death Decomposition of Young Adult Excess Mortality.","volume":"55","author":"A Remund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Demography"},{"article-title":"Analyzing the Young Adult Mortality Hump in R with MortHump","year":"2017","author":"A Remund","key":"pgph.0000753.ref025"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0000753.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30472-8","article-title":"Health disparities across the counties of Kenya and implications for policy makers, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"7","author":"T Achoki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0000753.ref027","first-page":"220","article-title":"Mortality Inequalities and Trends in Low- and Middle-Income Countries,1990\u20132015.","volume":"72","author":"BM Dominique Tabutin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Popul (English Ed 2002-)"},{"issue":"10159","key":"pgph.0000753.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31891-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"392","author":"D Dicker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0000753.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e642","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30113-9","article-title":"Mortality trends and differentials in South Africa from 1997 to 2012: second National Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"4","author":"V Pillay-van Wyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"10153","key":"pgph.0000753.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31485-5","article-title":"The burden of disease in Russia from 1980 to 2016: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016.","volume":"392","author":"VI Starodubov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref031","article-title":"Aging, non-communicable diseases, and old-age disability in low- and middle-income countries: a challenge for global health.","author":"F K\u00e4 mpfen","year":"2018","journal-title":"\u00d3 Swiss Sch Public Heal"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref032","article-title":"Risk Factors: Age\u2014National Cancer Institute","author":"National Cancer Institute","year":"2021","journal-title":"National Cancer Institute."},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref033","article-title":"Life expectancy at birth, total (years)\u2014Cabo Verde | Data","author":"The World Bank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life expectancy at birth, total (years)\u2014Cabo Verde | Data"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0000753.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0234300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234300","article-title":"Years of potential life lost and productivity costs due to premature mortality from six priority diseases in Tanzania, 2006\u20132015.","volume":"15","author":"SF Rumisha","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref035","article-title":"Trends and risk factors of mortality and disability adjusted life years for chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0000753.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30227-X","article-title":"Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak: an observational trend study","volume":"17","author":"S Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0000753.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2089","article-title":"Trends and patterns of differences in infectious disease mortality among US Counties, 1980\u20132014.","volume":"319","author":"C El Bcheraoui","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref038","article-title":"CRVS\u2014Birth, Marriage and Death Registration in Cabo Verde","author":"UNICEF","year":"2017","journal-title":"CRVS\u2014Birth, Marriage and Death Registration in Cabo Verde -UNICEF DATA:Monitoring the situation of children and women"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref039","article-title":"Civil registration and vital statistics: key to better data on maternal mortality","author":"S. Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Bank Blogs"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref040","article-title":"Age and sex-specific spatial-temporal patterns of mortality using civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) in Namibia","author":"A Bonge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Winhoek"},{"key":"pgph.0000753.ref041","article-title":"Politica Nacional de Sa\u00fade- Horizonte 2020","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade de Cabo Verde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade de Cabo Verde"},{"issue":"6788","key":"pgph.0000753.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/35015561","article-title":"A universal pattern of mortality decline in the G7 countries","volume":"405","author":"S Tuljapurkar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T18:23:34Z","timestamp":1678472614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000753"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Collins Otieno","family":"Asweto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000753","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2767-3375"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]}}}