{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:37:38Z","timestamp":1791221858350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1136014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1136014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by trypanosomes transmitted by tsetse flies. In 2017, a pilot community-based project was launched in three villages in DRC with the overall goal of empowering community members to control tsetse using Tiny Targets which attract and kill tsetse. In this paper, we assess the community participation process in these three pilot villages over &gt;4 years and evaluate to what extent this resulted in the empowerment of communities. We conducted a qualitative study using a participatory research approach. Together with community members of the three pilot villages from the endemic Kwilu province, we evaluated changes in project participation, community empowerment and perception of future participation at three different time points (September 2017, September 2018 and November 2021) over a 4-year period using participatory workshops and focus group discussions (FGD). We used a thematic content approach to analyse both workshop notes and FGD transcripts. The community identified five indicators to evaluate participation: (1) Leadership &amp; Ownership, (2) Organisation &amp; Planning, (3) Willingness, (4) Autonomy and (5) Community Involvement. The participation experience described by community members was characterised by a rapid growth of empowerment in the first year and sustained high levels thereafter. Community participants were willing to engage in potential future projects and continue to be supported by their Tiny Target project partner. However, they identified an imbalance in the power relationship within the committee and with the Tiny Target partners that limit the extent of empowerment attained. The intervention had broader benefits of community empowerment but this was limited by perceptions of being part of wider \u201ctop down\u201d programme and by stakeholders attitude toward community participation. If empowerment is to be an important objective of projects and programmes then the needs identified by communities must be recognised and attitude of sharing power encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T17:28:00Z","timestamp":1686763680000},"page":"e0001325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Community empowerment through participation in a tsetse control project in the Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-8986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catiane","family":"Vander Kelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Mpanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-0419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Epco","family":"Hasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Miaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Nzuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Pulford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Torr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2993-933X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dennis","family":"Perez Chacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0001325.ref001","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trypanosomiase humaine africaine (maladie du sommeil)"},{"issue":"10110","key":"pgph.0001325.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31510-6","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"390","author":"P B\u00fcscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001325.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003822","article-title":"Tsetse Control and Gambian Sleeping Sickness; Implications for Control Strategy.","volume":"9","author":"I Tirados","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pgph.0001325.ref004","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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