{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:19:07Z","timestamp":1772176747146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the recent years, the Ministry of Health in Uganda has reported multiple measles outbreaks in various districts despite the availability of a safe cost effective vaccine. Measles, especially among the unvaccinated can lead to serious complications including death while its management heavily burdens the family and health care system. This study aims to determine the immediate treatment outcomes and estimate the cost of treating a measles case. A retrospective cohort study using records review was conducted among children 0\u201312 years admitted at Mulago hospital throughout 2018. Demographics, complications, vaccination status, discharge status, duration of hospital stay, type of treatment, supplies and investigations done were abstracted from the patient charts. Treatment costs were obtained from the hospital pharmacy price list while the unit cost of utilities, human resource, food and security were obtained from the hospital accounts department. Patients\u2019 characteristics were summarized descriptively. Cost information, was reported as mean with standard deviation (SD) and range, and was stratified and presented as direct health care (blood test, radiology and treatment) and direct non health care costs. Among 267 reviewed patient charts, the median age was 1.0 ((IQR 0.75\u20132) years. 63patients (24%) were immunised, 79 (29%) were not immunized, Median length of hospital stay was 4.0 days (IQR 3.0\u20137.0) with majority (n = 207, 77%) staying &lt; 7 days. 30 patients (11%) died with mortality highest among the unimmunised (n = 13, 44%) and severe pneumonia (39.5%) was the commonest complication. 114.5 USD was estimated to treat a child with measles. Human resource (79.33USD, SD 4.63) and treatment costs (21.98USD, SD 22.77) were the largest expenses. Complications are common in majority of fatal measles cases and these carry a high cost to the healthcare system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T13:20:28Z","timestamp":1689945628000},"page":"e0001523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The immediate treatment outcomes and cost estimate for managing clinical measles in children admitted at Mulago Hospital: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3963-9066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Namugga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ombeva","family":"Malande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kitonsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Manirakiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecily","family":"Banura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. Measles. 2019."},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l1810","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1810","article-title":"Measles cases rise 300% globally in first few months of 2019","volume":"365","author":"E. Mahase","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref003","unstructured":"WHO. Measles: Key facts. 2019."},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref004","unstructured":"MoH. Measles Outbreak in Kampala and Wakiso Districts. 2017."},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.08.017","article-title":"Measles outbreak in Semuto Subcounty, Nakaseke District, Uganda, June-August 2021","volume":"5","author":"EJ Nsubuga","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref006","unstructured":"Reliefweb. Government declares measles outbreak in 26 districts."},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001523.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-725","article-title":"Why the increase in under five mortality in Uganda from 1995 to 2000? A retrospective analysis","volume":"11","author":"F Nuwaha","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref008","unstructured":"WHO. Global Measles and Rubella. 2012."},{"issue":"19","key":"pgph.0001523.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.02.038","article-title":"Measles vaccination effectiveness among children under 5 years of age in Kampala","volume":"24","author":"E Mupere","year":"2006","journal-title":"Uganda. Vaccine"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"pgph.0001523.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1086\/368026","article-title":"Impact of mass measles campaigns among children less than 5 years old in Uganda","volume":"187","author":"M Nanyunja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref011","author":"WHO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guide for clinical case management and infection prevention and control during a measles outbreak"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref012","volume-title":"Statistics an introductory analysis","author":"T. Yamane","year":"1967","edition":"2"},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref013","volume-title":"Statistics: an introductory analysis Harper and row","author":"T. 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Bank of Uganda Uganda Shilling Exchange rate Internet 2020 [updated accessed on 22\/7\/2020Accessed on 22\/07\/2020]. Available from: https:\/\/101currency.com\/graphic\/uganda\/usd\/united-states-dollar."},{"key":"pgph.0001523.ref020","first-page":"100077","article-title":"The economic burden of measles in children under five in Uganda","volume":"6","author":"G De Broucker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine: X"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pgph.0001523.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1086\/368026","article-title":"Impact of mass measles campaigns among children less than 5 years old in Uganda","volume":"187","author":"M Nanyunja","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1689945643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001523"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abram L.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001523","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.01.04.23284186","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]}}}