{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:19:35Z","timestamp":1794025175057,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["207472\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207472\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020419","name":"Buchanan Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020419","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002870","name":"Christoffel Blinden Mission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017151","name":"Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017645","name":"Moorfields Eye Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR001061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR001061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012618","name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004324","name":"Sightsavers International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014445","name":"Fred Hollows Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019367","name":"Seva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000367","name":"British Council for Prevention of Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002870","name":"Christoffel Blinden Mission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR001061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR001061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"WA Future Health and Research Innovation Fund Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hearing and vision impairments are common globally. They are often considered separately in research, and in planning and delivering services. However, they can occur concurrently, termed dual sensory impairment (DSI). The prevalence and impact of hearing and vision impairment have been well-examined, but there has been much less consideration of DSI. The aim of this scoping review was to determine the nature and extent of the evidence on prevalence and impact of DSI. Three databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health (April 2022). We included primary studies and systematic reviews reporting the prevalence or impact of DSI. No limits were placed on age, publication dates, or country. Only studies where the full text was available in English were included. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstract, full texts. Data were charted by two reviewers independently using a pre-piloted form. The review identified 183 reports of 153 unique primary studies and 14 review articles. Most evidence came from high-income countries (86% of reports). Prevalence varied across reports, as did age groups of participants and definitions used. The prevalence of DSI increased with age. Impact was examined across three broad groups of outcomes\u2014psychosocial, participation, and physical health. There was a strong trend towards poorer outcomes for people with DSI across all categories compared to people with one or neither impairment, including activities of daily living (worse for people with DSI in 78% of reports) and depression (68%). This scoping review highlights that DSI is a relatively common condition with substantial impact, particularly among older adults. There is a gap in evidence from low and middle-income countries. There is a pressing need for a consensus position on the definition(s) of DSI and standardisation of reporting age groups to enable reliable estimates to be ascertained and compared and responsive services developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T13:36:40Z","timestamp":1684244200000},"page":"e0001905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence and impact of combined vision and hearing (dual sensory) impairment: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2079-7216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tess","family":"Bright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Ramke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-2003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justine H.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1623-9302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gatera Fiston","family":"Kitema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3581-523X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaffi","family":"Mdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Yoshizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Brennan-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islay","family":"Mactaggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6044-0951","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bonnielin K.","family":"Swenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1872-9169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"RR Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr176","article-title":"Global and regional hearing impairment prevalence: an analysis of 42 studies in 29 countries","volume":"23","author":"G Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"The European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619613490519","article-title":"What\u2019s in a name: Dual sensory impairment or deafblindness?","volume":"31","author":"W Wittich","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Visual Impairment"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713807308365","article-title":"An overview of dual sensory impairment in older adults: perspectives for rehabilitation","volume":"11","author":"GH Saunders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in amplification"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref005","unstructured":"World Federation of The Deafblind. At risk of exclusion from CRPD and SDGs implementation: Inequality and Persons with Deafblindness 2018 [cited 2023 23\/03]. https:\/\/www.wfdb.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/WFDB_complete_Final.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12317","article-title":"One of society\u2019s most vulnerable groups? A systematically conducted literature review exploring the vulnerability of deafblind people","volume":"25","author":"P. Simcock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health & social care in the community"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref007","unstructured":"Issues NCfWaS. The Nordic definition of deafblindness [cited 2023 27\/03]. https:\/\/kuurosokeat.fi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/The-Nordic-definition-of-deafblindness.pdf."},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.03.004","article-title":"Hearing loss and the risk of dementia in later life","volume":"112","author":"AH Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.5.661","article-title":"The Impact of Hearing Loss on Quality of Life in Older Adults","volume":"43","author":"DS Dalton","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0001905.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1638-3","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety disorders and symptoms in people with hearing impairment: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"N Shoham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0487.1000323","article-title":"Depression and Individuals with Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review","volume":"07","author":"O Adigun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816640485","article-title":"Quality of life in children with hearing impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"L Roland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94140","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094140","article-title":"The long term impact of cataract surgery on quality of life, activities and poverty: results from a six year longitudinal study in Bangladesh and the Philippines","volume":"9","author":"L Danquah","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00848.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and quality of life in people with age- related macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"RS Mathew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S27717","article-title":"Depression in the elderly with visual impairment and its association with quality of life","volume":"8","author":"J Renaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001905.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903349545","article-title":"Health-related and subjective quality of life of older adults with visual impairment","volume":"32","author":"J Renaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001905.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015431","article-title":"Does cataract surgery alleviate poverty? Evidence from a multi-centre intervention study conducted in Kenya, the Philippines and Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"H Kuper","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref018","unstructured":"Spreckley MJ. The impact of hearing impairment and the provision of hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life and activity participation in Guatemala: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; 2018."},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1799-2","article-title":"Quality of life in older adults with sensory impairments: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"YC Tseng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00083","article-title":"Mental health and dual sensory loss in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"C Heine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619616648727","article-title":"Late life acquired dual-sensory impairment: A systematic review of its impact on everyday competence","volume":"34","author":"R Tiwana","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Visual Impairment"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264311408418","article-title":"Dual sensory impairment in older age","volume":"23","author":"JM Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of aging and health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0203772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203772","article-title":"Participation experiences of people with deafblindness or dual sensory loss: A scoping review of global deafblind literature","volume":"13","author":"A Jaiswal","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref024","unstructured":"Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Baldini Soares C, Khalil H, Parker D. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer\u2019s Manual: The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017 [cited 2020 13\/03]. https:\/\/reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0001905.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1612","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30450-4","article-title":"Announcing The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health","volume":"7","author":"MJ Burton","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.1.95","article-title":"Concurrent Visual and Hearing Impairment and Risk of Mortality: The National Health Interview Survey","volume":"124","author":"BL Lam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref030","unstructured":"International classification of disease 11 vision impairment including blindness, 2018 2018 [cited 2020]. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en#\/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f30317704"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020903311388","article-title":"Prevalence and aetiology of congenitally deafblind people in Denmark","volume":"49","author":"JM Dammeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"International journal of audiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1418386","article-title":"A population-based survey of visual impairment and its correlates in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State, India","volume":"25","author":"I Mactaggart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050024","article-title":"Double disability: the hearing-impaired blind in the Sultanate of Oman","volume":"43","author":"R Khandekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"International journal of audiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2012.00897.x","article-title":"Sensory and demographic characteristics of deafblindness rehabilitation clients in Montreal, Canada","volume":"32","author":"W Wittich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics: the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494815589219","article-title":"Disparities in mental health among adolescents with and without impairments","volume":"43","author":"M Linden-Bostrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05829-8","article-title":"Accompaniment to healthcare visits: the impact of sensory impairment","volume":"20","author":"NS Reed","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC health services research"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref037","article-title":"Patterns of Prevalence of Multiple Sensory Impairments among Community-Dwelling Older Adults","author":"NM Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619613490518","article-title":"Characteristics of a Danish population of adults with acquired deafblindness receiving rehabilitation services","volume":"31","author":"J. Dammeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Visual Impairment"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e043179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043179","article-title":"Association between sensory impairment and suicidal ideation and attempt: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative English household data","volume":"11","author":"M Khurana","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"101550902","key":"pgph.0001905.ref040","first-page":"627980","article-title":"Combined Vision and Hearing Difficulties Results in Higher Levels of Depression and Chronic Anxiety: Data From a Large Sample of Spanish Adults","volume":"11","author":"S Pardhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.02.0023","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of dual sensory impairment (hearing and vision) in a veteran population","volume":"45","author":"SL Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of rehabilitation research and development"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2008)113[254:CSIDIF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Combined sensory impairment (deaf-blindness) in five percent of adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"113","author":"A Meuwese-Jongejeugd","year":"2008","journal-title":"American journal of mental retardation: AJMR"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180198","article-title":"Self-Reported Hearing\/Visual Loss and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the Komo-Ise Cohort, Japan","volume":"30","author":"A Miyawaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2014186","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14186","article-title":"Association of Sensory Impairments With Cognitive Decline and Depression Among Older Adults in China","volume":"3","author":"H Rong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA network open"},{"issue":"101477954","key":"pgph.0001905.ref045","first-page":"837","article-title":"Dual sensory loss and depressive symptoms: the importance of hearing, daily functioning, and activity engagement","volume":"7","author":"KM Kiely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00876.x","article-title":"Association between hearing and vision impairments in older adults","volume":"32","author":"ME Schneck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics: the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.989812","article-title":"The association between suicide ideation and sensory impairment among elderly Koreans","volume":"19","author":"Y Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging & mental health"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref048","article-title":"Self-Reported Sensory Impairments and Changes in Cognitive Performance: A Longitudinal 6-Year Follow-Up Study of English Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 50 Years","author":"AEM Liljas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of aging and health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy061","article-title":"Visual and hearing impairments are associated with cognitive decline in older people","volume":"47","author":"A Maharani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.06.008","article-title":"Comorbidities of hearing loss and the implications of multimorbidity for audiological care","volume":"369","author":"J Besser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hearing research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv074","article-title":"Dual Sensory Loss in Older Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"55","author":"C Heine","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0087-4","article-title":"Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in India: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"P Dewan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian pediatrics"},{"issue":"101088678","key":"pgph.0001905.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-10-21","article-title":"Quality of life in the Iranian Blind War Survivors in 2007: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"R Amini","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC international health and human rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.1.30","article-title":"Sensory impairments and mortality in an elderly community population: a six-year follow-up study","volume":"24","author":"I Appollonio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-130394","article-title":"Deafblind people, stigma and the use of communication and mobility assistive devices","volume":"25","author":"MA Hersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technology and Disability"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494814544399","article-title":"Deafblindness: a review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"J. Dammeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of public health"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"pgph.0001905.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00366.x","article-title":"Sensory impairments, intellectual disability and psychiatry","volume":"45","author":"S. Carvill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of intellectual disability research: JIDR"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref058","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychosocial determinants associated with quality of life in people with usher syndrome. A scoping review","author":"M Arcous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1132675","article-title":"Sensory loss and its consequences for couples\u2019 psychosocial and relational wellbeing: an integrative review","volume":"21","author":"CM Lehane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging & mental health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001905.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.05.029","article-title":"Definitions of deafblindness and congenital deafblindness","volume":"35","author":"F Ask Larsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in developmental disabilities"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001905.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0164470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164470","article-title":"Measuring Disability in Population Based Surveys: The Interrelationship between Clinical Impairments and Reported Functional Limitations in Cameroon and India","volume":"11","author":"I Mactaggart","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref062","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing 2023 [cited 2023 23\/03]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/ageing#tab=tab_1."},{"issue":"10267","key":"pgph.0001905.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","article-title":"Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"A Cieza","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv198","article-title":"Estimating the Years Lived With and Without Age-Related Sensory Impairment","volume":"71","author":"KM Kiely","year":"2016","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref065","article-title":"Associations between self-reported sensory impairment and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cohort","author":"A Maharani","year":"2019","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001905.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.06.28.2","article-title":"Gender-Specific Associations of Sensory Impairments with Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Later Life","volume":"15","author":"J Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry investigation"},{"issue":"100968548","key":"pgph.0001905.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0286-2","article-title":"Vision and hearing impairments, cognitive impairment and mortality among long-term care recipients: a population-based cohort study","volume":"16","author":"K Mitoku","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-013-0291-7","article-title":"Dual sensory loss and social participation in older Europeans","volume":"11","author":"A Viljanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"European journal of ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.21149\/10086","article-title":"Self-reported hearing loss and visual impairment in adults from Central Mexico","volume":"61","author":"EO Graue-Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Salud publica de Mexico"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/41.3.387","article-title":"Age differences in sensory and cognitive function in elderly Nepalese","volume":"41","author":"CM Beall","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229008","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229008","article-title":"Rationale and feasibility of a combined rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and hearing loss protocol","volume":"15","author":"T Bright","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00505-4","article-title":"Subjective vision and hearing impairment and falls among community-dwelling adults: a prospective study in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","volume":"12","author":"G Ogliari","year":"2021","journal-title":"European geriatric medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0001905.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3982","article-title":"Dual Sensory Impairment and Perceived Everyday Discrimination in the United States","volume":"138","author":"AF Shakarchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1368","article-title":"The effects of single and dual sensory loss on symptoms of depression in the elderly","volume":"20","author":"ME Capella-McDonnall","year":"2005","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pgph.0001905.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.05.028","article-title":"Combined effect of vision and hearing impairment on depression in older adults: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","volume":"106","author":"K-L Chou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.07.009","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in the oldest-old: The role of sensory impairments","volume":"78","author":"VR Cimarolli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of gerontology and geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4827","article-title":"The association amongst visual, hearing, and dual sensory loss with depression and anxiety over 6 years: The Tromso Study","volume":"33","author":"S Cosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317723407","article-title":"Older Adults With a Combination of Vision and Hearing Impairment Experience Higher Rates of Cognitive Impairment, Functional Dependence, and Worse Outcomes Across a Set of Quality Indicators","volume":"31","author":"JGS Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of aging and health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1084822315591812","article-title":"Self-rated health, cognition, and dual sensory impairment are important predictors of depression among home care clients in Ontario","volume":"28","author":"DM Guthrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Home Health Care Management & Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000045","article-title":"Effects of self-reported hearing or vision impairment on depressive symptoms: a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"28","author":"JH Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.06.011","article-title":"Gender difference in the relationships between vision and hearing impairments and negative well-being","volume":"47","author":"S Harada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Preventive medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.26.1.6","article-title":"Association among depression, physical functioning, and hearing and vision impairment in adults with diabetes","volume":"26","author":"PD Loprinzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum"},{"issue":"101616579","key":"pgph.0001905.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00092","article-title":"Dual Sensory Loss, Mental Health, and Wellbeing of Older Adults Living in China","volume":"7","author":"C Heine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010263","article-title":"Older Women in Australia: Facing the Challenges of Dual Sensory Loss","volume":"17","author":"C Heine","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022696","article-title":"Physical status as a moderator of depressive symptoms among older adults with dual sensory loss","volume":"56","author":"MC McDonnall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rehabilitation psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027511399106","article-title":"The Effect of Productive Activities on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults With Dual Sensory Loss","volume":"33","author":"MC McDonnall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research on aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264318781123","article-title":"Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults With Auditory, Vision, and Dual Sensory Impairment","volume":"31","author":"A Simning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of aging and health"},{"issue":"15","key":"pgph.0001905.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31540","article-title":"Association between patient-reported hearing and visual impairments and functional, psychological, and cognitive status among older adults with cancer","volume":"124","author":"E Soto-Perez-de-Celis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001905.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.05.012","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of hearing and visual impairments in European nursing homes: results from the SHELTER study","volume":"15","author":"Y Yamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1231-9","article-title":"Decline in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living over 4-Year: The Association with Hearing, Visual and Dual Sensory Impairments among Non-Institutionalized Women","volume":"23","author":"N Bouscaren","year":"2019","journal-title":"The journal of nutrition, health & aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/45.3.337","article-title":"Dual sensory loss and its impact on everyday competence","volume":"45","author":"M Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref092","first-page":"131","article-title":"Surveillance for sensory impairment, activity limitation, and health-related quality of life among older adults\u2014United States, 1993\u20131997","volume":"48","author":"VA Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR CDC surveillance summaries: Morbidity and mortality weekly report CDC surveillance summaries"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1174","article-title":"Combined effect of vision and hearing impairment on depression in elderly Chinese","volume":"19","author":"K-L Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0657-0","article-title":"Sensory impairments and their associations with functional disability in a sample of the oldest-old","volume":"23","author":"VR Cimarolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quality of life research: an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.5.823","article-title":"Vision impairment and hearing loss among community-dwelling older Americans: implications for health and functioning","volume":"94","author":"JE Crews","year":"2004","journal-title":"American journal of public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref096","first-page":"209","article-title":"Health, work, social trust, and financial situation in persons with Usher syndrome type 1","volume":"60","author":"M Ehn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Work (Reading, Mass)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.003","article-title":"Nationwide Prevalence of Self-Reported Serious Sensory Impairments and Their Associations with Self-Reported Cognitive and Functional Difficulties","volume":"125","author":"SD Fuller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0192971","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192971","article-title":"Combined impairments in vision, hearing and cognition are associated with greater levels of functional and communication difficulties than cognitive impairment alone: Analysis of interRAI data for home care and long-term care recipients in Ontario","volume":"13","author":"DM Guthrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"101616579","key":"pgph.0001905.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00005","article-title":"Sensory Loss in China: Prevalence, Use of Aids, and Impacts on Social Participation","volume":"7","author":"C Heine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025471","article-title":"Managing daily life with age-related sensory loss: cognitive resources gain in importance","volume":"27","author":"V Heyl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychology and aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001905.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07432.x","article-title":"The effect of visual and hearing impairments on functional status","volume":"47","author":"BK Keller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0001905.ref102","first-page":"772","article-title":"Sensory Impairment and Health-Related Quality of Life","volume":"44","author":"H-J Kwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian journal of public health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001905.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264305277956","article-title":"Concurrent hearing and visual impairment and morbidity in community-residing adults: the National Health Interview Survey, 1986 to 1996","volume":"17","author":"DJ Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of aging and health"},{"key":"pgph.0001905.ref104","article-title":"Association of Co-Existing Impairments in Cognition and Self-Rated Vision and Hearing With Health Outcomes in Older Adults","volume":"2","author":"PL Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001905.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.689","article-title":"Combined hearing and visual impairment and depression in a population aged 75 years and older","volume":"17","author":"T Lupsakko","year":"2002","journal-title":"International journal of geriatric psychiatry"},{"issue":"101230058","key":"pgph.0001905.ref106","article-title":"Impact of sensory impairments on dementia incidence and symptoms among Japanese older adults","author":"M Maruta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics: the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0001905.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199889","article-title":"Dual sensory impairment: The association between glaucomatous vision loss and hearing impairment and function","volume":"13","author":"LI Mudie","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0001905.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly155","article-title":"Trajectories of Limitations in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Frail Older Adults With Vision, Hearing, or Dual Sensory Loss","volume":"74","author":"S Mueller-Schotte","year":"2019","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0001905.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01286.x","article-title":"The prognostic value of sensory impairment in older persons","volume":"47","author":"DB Reuben","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0001905.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16086","article-title":"The Impact of Self-Reported Vision and Hearing Impairment on Health Expectancy","volume":"67","author":"MI Tareque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001905.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00592_4.x","article-title":"Utility of a patient-response screening question for visual impairment","volume":"54","author":"C Teh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz009","article-title":"Hearing Loss and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"BJ Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001905.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20150051","article-title":"Association between visual impairment and depression in the elderly: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"MV Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001905.ref114","first-page":"944","article-title":"Association of Hearing Impairment and Mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"141","author":"KJ Contrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001905.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30549-0","article-title":"Association between vision impairment and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"JR Ehrlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619610387495","article-title":"Deafblindness and mental health: Psychological distress and unmet need among adults with dual sensory impairment","volume":"29","author":"SM Bodsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Visual Impairment"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1536710X.2017.1260515","article-title":"Availability of Mental Health Services for Individuals Who Are Deaf or Deaf-Blind","volume":"16","author":"MC McDonnall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001905.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X211072541","article-title":"Prevalence of Individuals With Deafblindness and Age-Related Dual-Sensory Loss","volume":"116","author":"R Minhas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T13:38:50Z","timestamp":1684244330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001905"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001905","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]}}}