{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:24:59Z","timestamp":1775273099693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Child sexual abuse is a significant public health concern and a breach of basic human rights affecting millions of children each year globally. It is typically not reported by victims, hence it remains usually concealed. Except for single studies with varying reports, there is no national studies conducted on child sexual abuse in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review determined the pooled magnitude and determinants of sexual abuse among children in Ethiopia. Potential articles were searched from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of science using relevant searching key terms. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the quality of all selected articles. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 14 software. Publication bias was checked using Egger\u2019s test and funnel plot. Cochran\u2019s chi-squared test and I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> values were used to assess heterogeneity. A random-effects model was applied during meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of sexual abuse among 5,979 children in Ethiopia was 41.15% (95% CI: 24.44, 57.86). Sex of children (OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.12, 4.06), smoking (OR: 4.48, 95%CI: 1.26, 76.79), khat chewing (OR: 3.68, 95%CI: 1.62, 21.93), and alcohol use (OR: 4.77, 95%CI: 2.22, 10.25) were the determinants of child sexual abuse. The main perpetrators of sexual abuse against children were neighbors, boy\/girlfriends, family members, school teachers, and stranger person. Child sexual abuse commonly took place in the victim\u2019s or perpetrator\u2019s home, school, and neighbor\u2019s home. This review revealed that the magnitude of child sexual abuse in Ethiopia was relatively high and multiple factors determined the likelihood of sexual violence against children. Thus, policy-makers and concerned stakeholders should strengthen comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education to reduce the magnitude and consequences of child sexual abuse. Moreover, support with special attention should be given to children with mental illness and physical disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T20:01:01Z","timestamp":1712174461000},"page":"e0001979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Child sexual abuse and its determinants among children in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3879-1330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Birye Dessalegn","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3798-0941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sintayehu Simie","family":"Tsega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.03.054","article-title":"World Report on Violence and Health: what it means for children and pediatricians","volume":"145","author":"M. Mian","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0973134220190401","article-title":"The conceptual framework for prevention of child sexual abuse","volume":"15","author":"N. Nebhinani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health-"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001979.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2014.07.021","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in boys: Implications for primary care","volume":"10","author":"DA Scrandis","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal for Nurse Practitioners"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref004","author":"Organization WH","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2672","article-title":"Gender differences in the disclosure of sexual abuse in Chilean adolescents","volume":"30","author":"C Guerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-22","article-title":"Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies.","volume":"7","author":"D Collin-V\u00e9zina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1","article-title":"the current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and metaYanalysis","volume":"58","author":"J Barth","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12566","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in Turkey: an analysis of 1002 cases","volume":"60","author":"B Aydin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of forensic sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0001979.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1336505","article-title":"Twice silenced: The underreporting of child sexual abuse in Orthodox Jewish communities","volume":"26","author":"D Katzenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of child sexual abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1276116","article-title":"Obstacles to help-seeking for sexual offenders: Implications for prevention of sexual abuse","volume":"26","author":"JS Levenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of child sexual abuse"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858096","article-title":"Understanding social media disclosures of sexual abuse through the lenses of support seeking and anonymity","author":"N Andalibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001979.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205086","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in India: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"V Choudhry","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.023","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between childhood sexual abuse and risky sexual behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"AA Abajobir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217719","article-title":"Violence against children and natural disasters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative evidence","volume":"14","author":"I Cerna-Turoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001979.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415603129","article-title":"Community factors influencing child and adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"49","author":"K Stirling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.01.003","article-title":"Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"EAG Gallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494813514645","article-title":"Consequences of childhood sexual abuse for health and well-being: Gender similarities and differences.","volume":"42","author":"S Sigurdardottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of public health"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429482458-7","article-title":"The consequences of child sexual abuse: a brief survey.","author":"LR Loeb","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Mind of the Paedophile"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.54","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"A Danese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2012.24.3.228","article-title":"HIV risk among men who have sex with men who have experienced childhood sexual abuse: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"S Lloyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","article-title":"Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"F Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2015.03.002","article-title":"Psychological injury in victims of child sexual abuse: A meta-analytic review.","volume":"24","author":"BG Amado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosocial Intervention"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0445-3","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and impulsivity: A meta-analysis and recommendations for future study","volume":"47","author":"RT Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of abnormal child psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp118","article-title":"Long-term physical health consequences of childhood sexual abuse: A meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"L Irish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of pediatric psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0519-5","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"59","author":"J Lindert","year":"2014","journal-title":"International journal of public health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0001979.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2017682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.17682","article-title":"Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with child sexual exploitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"JJ Laird","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA network open"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref027","author":"Unicef","year":"1989","journal-title":"Convention on the Rights of the Child"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001979.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: a simple funnel\u2010plot\u2013based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta\u2010analysis","volume":"56","author":"S Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn065","article-title":"Sensitivity of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: proposed metrics and empirical evaluation","volume":"37","author":"NA Patsopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref031","first-page":"221","article-title":"patterns of child sexual abuse: A retrospective cross-sectional study among male pediatric patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital","volume":"31","author":"Tefera M. Magnitude","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref032","first-page":"59","article-title":"The child sexual abuse epidemic in Addis Ababa: some reflections on reported incidents, psychosocial consequences and implications","volume":"22","author":"J. Jemal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethiopian journal of health sciences"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref033","article-title":"Assessment of sexual and reproductive health status of street children in Addis Ababa","author":"D Habtamu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of sexually transmitted diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref034","article-title":"The magnitude of sexual abuse and its physical effects among female children seen at Gandhi Memorial Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"33","author":"G Assabu","year":"2019","journal-title":". Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01277-7","article-title":"Magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among high school female students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"L Abera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive health"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S363699","article-title":"Magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among children treated in public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"B Alemayehu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref037","article-title":"Assessment Of Sexual Behaviours, Exploitation and Its Determinants Among Orphan And Vulnerable Children In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","author":"al CAe","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0001979.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6140","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_272_20","article-title":"Overview of child sexual and substance abuse among children in Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"M Takele","year":"2020","journal-title":". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0937-6","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood abuse among people who are homeless in Western countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"EC Sundin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interventions Involving Caregivers for Children and Adolescents Following Traumatic Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","author":"K Szota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001979.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101788","article-title":"The effects of gender and family wealth on sexual abuse of adolescents","volume":"16","author":"E Runarsdottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001979.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0225296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225296","article-title":"\u2019Small small quarrels bring about happiness or love in the relationships\u2019: Exploring community perceptions and gendered norms contributing to male perpetrated intimate partner violence in the Central Region of Ghana","volume":"14","author":"P Dako-Gyeke","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-019-0189-x","article-title":"Social norms and beliefs about gender based violence scale: a measure for use with gender based violence prevention programs in low-resource and humanitarian settings.","volume":"13","author":"N Perrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Conflict and health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001979.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05334","article-title":"Understanding domestic violence: masculinity, culture, traditions","volume":"6","author":"L. Mshweshwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000155","article-title":"Bystander intervention to prevent sexual violence: The overlooked role of bystander alcohol intoxication","volume":"8","author":"RM Leone","year":"2018","journal-title":". Psychology of violence"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref046","first-page":"667","article-title":"Male Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and Female Autonomy: The Turkish Case.","volume":"23","author":"Z Elita\u015f","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ege Academic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-018-0194-2","article-title":"Chewing khat and risky sexual behavior among residents of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia.","volume":"17","author":"A Abate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of general psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/0261018318824480","article-title":"Vulnerability and child sexual exploitation: Towards an approach grounded in life experiences.","volume":"39","author":"K Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Critical social policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221090980","article-title":"Toward a global definition and understanding of child sexual exploitation: The development of a conceptual model.","volume":"24","author":"JJ Laird","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0001979.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195718","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among Ethiopian university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"A Gebrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00385-8","article-title":"Alcohol use and associated factors among adolescent boys and young men in Kampala, Uganda.","volume":"16","author":"SN Kabwama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"issue":"9845","key":"pgph.0001979.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60692-8","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"380","author":"L Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0001979.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2016.06.008","article-title":"Safeguarding disabled children and young people.","volume":"26","author":"Y de Alwis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref054","article-title":"Safeguarding disabled children and young people: A scoping exercise of statutory child protection services for disabled children and young people in Northern Ireland.","author":"B Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Queens University and Safeguarding Board for Northern"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"038","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.japch.1001016","article-title":"Child neglect-still a neglectedproblem in the global world: A review","volume":"3","author":"B Tingberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref056","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: child protection implications for development policy makers and practitioners.","volume":"3","author":"K. Lalor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development Research Briefings"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0001979.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000188","article-title":"Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review.","volume":"145","author":"M Assink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological bulletin"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.011","article-title":"Perpetrators and context of child sexual abuse in Kenya.","volume":"44","author":"MW Mwangi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref059","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7249\/RR1082","volume-title":"A review of the literature on sexual assault perpetrator characteristics and behaviors","author":"SM Greathouse","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1288186","article-title":"Child and adolescent sexual abuse in women seeking help for sexual and reproductive mental health problems: prevalence, characteristics, and disclosure","volume":"26","author":"S L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of child sexual abuse"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref062","author":"K. Kendall-Tackett","year":"2012","journal-title":"The long-term health effects of child sexual abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0001979.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353","article-title":"The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta\u2010analyses.","volume":"24","author":"M Stoltenborgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0001979.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30286-X","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review","volume":"6","author":"HP Hailes","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0001979.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2018.1432554","article-title":"Health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children in the United States: A systematic review.","volume":"44","author":"PD Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavioral medicine"},{"key":"pgph.0001979.ref066","volume-title":"Support for abused rural women in the Eastern Cape: views of survivors and service providers","author":"L. Mshweshwe","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0001979.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.18231\/2455-8559.2018.0003","article-title":"Under reporting of child sexual abuse-The barriers guarding the silence","volume":"4","author":"S Chandran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telangana Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T20:01:57Z","timestamp":1712174517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001979"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lana Clara","family":"Chikhungu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001979","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]}}}