{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:33:41Z","timestamp":1791236021791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW007393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW007393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW007393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW007393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to understand the impacts in the post-disaster scenario of the 2017 El Ni\u00f1o events in the Piura region-Peru, we examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), food insecurity (FI), and social capital (SC) across three-time points in mothers in highly affected areas. In the Piura, Castilla, and Catacaos districts, we studied mothers combining mixed-method assessments at three (June-July 2017), eight and 12 months after the flooding. Each outcome was measured with the PTSD-Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), the Household-Food-Insecurity-Access-Scale (HFIAS), the Adapted-Social-Capital-Assessment-Tool (SASCAT) surveys. In-depth interviews at the first evaluation were also conducted. At the first evaluation, 38.1% (n = 21) of 179 mothers reported PTSD; eight months and one year after the flooding, it dropped to 1.9% and virtually zero, respectively. Severe FI also declined over time, from 90.0% three months after the flooding to 31.8% eight months after, to 13.1% one year after. Conversely, high-cognitive SC was increased three months after the flooding (42.1%) and much greater levels at eight and 12 months after (86.7% and 77.7%, respectively). High levels of PTSD and severe FI three months after the flooding consistently decreased to nearly zero one-year post-disaster. High levels of high-cognitive SC may have helped mothers to recover from PTSD and FI in Piura.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T17:47:08Z","timestamp":1713462428000},"page":"e0002996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder, food insecurity, and social capital after the 2017 coastal El Ni\u00f1o flooding among mothers from Piura, Peru: A mixed method study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-3521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Culquichic\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Astudillo-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4396-4224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberto","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raisa N.","family":"Martinez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Merino","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-0712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-9401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9779-633X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9s G.","family":"Lescano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0002996.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4161\/dish.27283","article-title":"Epidemic activity after natural disasters without high mortality in developing settings.","volume":"1","author":"MJ Loayza-Alarico","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disaster Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0002996.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500903483478","article-title":"The psychological impact of exposure to floods.","volume":"15","author":"V Mason","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"pgph.0002996.ref003","first-page":"15","article-title":"Recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder after a flood in China: a 13-year follow-up and its prediction by degree of collective action.","author":"S Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"pgph.0002996.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-172","article-title":"Are the elderly more vulnerable to psychological impact of natural disaster? 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