{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:27:06Z","timestamp":1768447626455,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal and child deaths occur during pregnancy and delivery. Timely information on signs of pregnancy complications and ways to plan for normal birth is a strategy to reduce maternal and child deaths. The purpose of this study was to assess birth preparedness, and pregnancy complications readiness and identify associated factors in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 1635 weighted samples of pregnant women were included for analysis from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data set. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of potential variables on birth preparedness and complication readiness. STATA version 15 software was used for data processing and analysis. A variable with a p-value &lt; 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered a significant factor. Pregnant women were informed about convulsions (8.02%), fever (35.95%), abdominal pain (28.92%), leaking fluid from the vagina (28.21%), and blurred vision (17.98%<jats:bold>)<\/jats:bold>. Pregnant women prepared for supplies needed for birth (38.70%), transportation (20.04%), money (18.97%), people\u2019s support for birth (5.03%), and blood donors (3.11%). Only 56% and 44.91% of pregnant women had good birth preparedness and were informed about pregnancy complications respectively. Educational status, antenatal care visits, and region were significant factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. Distance to health facility and residency were significantly associated with birth and complication readiness, respectively. Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women were low in Ethiopia. Empowering women with education, installing safe roads, building accessible health facilities, and emphasizing pregnancy complications and birth preparedness plans during antenatal care visits are important interventions to enhance birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:37:22Z","timestamp":1715794642000},"page":"e0003127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9356-8126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Addisalem Workie","family":"Demsash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Bekana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisay Yitayih","family":"Kassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adamu Ambachew","family":"Shibabaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geleta Nenko","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agmasie Damtew","family":"Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milkias Dugassa","family":"Emanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abiy Tasew","family":"Dubale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex Ayenew","family":"Chereka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2147-6434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gemeda Wakgari","family":"Kitil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bekem Dibaba","family":"Degefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-1578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aselefech","family":"Seyife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdurahman Mohammed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenebe Abebe","family":"Gebreegziabher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sewnet Getaye","family":"Workie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9797","key":"pgph.0003127.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61337-8","article-title":"Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"378","author":"R. Lozano","year":"2011","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref002","unstructured":"Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. 2011. https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(11)61337-8\/fulltext."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref003","unstructured":"Sustable deveoplment goal target 3, Maternal health: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/sdg-target-3-1-maternal-mortality."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref004","unstructured":"Millennium Development Goals, 2018: Accessed from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/millennium-development-goals-(mdgs)\/."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref005","unstructured":"Maternal mortalitry, 2023: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/maternal-mortality."},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003127.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"L. Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet global health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0003127.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00515-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2019 with scenario-based projections until 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation","volume":"10","author":"D. Sharrow","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2023.101298","article-title":"Using best performance machine learning algorithm to predict child death before celebrating their fifth birthday","volume":"40","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Informatics in medicine unlocked"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref009","unstructured":"WHO. Newborns: improving survival and well-being: Accessed from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/newborns-reducing-mortality. 2020."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref010","unstructured":"Trends in maternal mortality, 2000\u20132017: Accessed from https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/793971568908763231\/pdf\/Trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-Estimates-by-WHO-UNICEF-UNFPA-World-Bank-Group-and-the-United-Nations-Population-Division.pdf."},{"issue":"9542","key":"pgph.0003127.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69380-X","article-title":"Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why","volume":"368","author":"L.M.S.S.s. group","year":"2006","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0003127.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7","article-title":"Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context","volume":"38","author":"S. Thaddeus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social science & medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0003127.ref013","first-page":"399","article-title":"Organizing delivery care: what works for safe motherhood?","volume":"77","author":"M.A. Koblinsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0003127.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0288867","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288867","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms\u2019 application to predict childhood vaccination among children aged 12\u201323 months in Ethiopia: Evidence 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset","volume":"18","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0003127.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00310.x","article-title":"Strategies for reducing maternal mortality in developing countries: what can we learn from the history of the industrialized West?","volume":"3","author":"V. De Brouwere","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003127.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035747","article-title":"Influence of birth preparedness, decision-making on location of birth and assistance by skilled birth attendants among women in south-western Uganda","volume":"7","author":"J.K. Kabakyenga","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg013","article-title":"Empowerment of women, men, families and communities: true partners for improving maternal and newborn health","volume":"67","author":"A. Portela","year":"2003","journal-title":"British medical bulletin"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref018","unstructured":"Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. 2016. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR328\/FR328.pdf."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/BJMMR\/2016\/25127","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness: attitude and level of preparedness among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria","author":"O.A. Ifeanyichukwu","year":"2016","journal-title":"British journal of medicine and medical research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v22i1.10057","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in Adigrat town, north Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"M. Hiluf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.181420","article-title":"Birth preparedness and emergency readiness plans of antenatal clinic attendees in Ile-ife","volume":"17","author":"A. Onayade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nigeria. The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref022","unstructured":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness_ A matrix of shared responsibilities. 2004. https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F313138613_Birth_preparedness_and_complication_readiness_A_matrix_of_shared_responsibilities&usg=AOvVaw14-wtdobwLMZMzrcH49oCD=https:\/\/www.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F313138613_Birth_preparedness_and_complication_readiness_A_matrix_of_shared_responsibilities&usg=AOvVaw14-wtdobwLMZMzrcH49oCD."},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.272.4244","article-title":"Factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis","volume":"19","author":"G.T. Debelew","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Pan African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003127.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21432","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021432","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"M. Hailu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0624-2","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"A.K. Berhe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003127.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i4.6045","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among slum women in Indore city, India","volume":"28","author":"S. Agarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of health, population, and nutrition"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref027","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016","author":"I. Csace","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003127.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2307\/1966906","article-title":"Maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"B.E. Kwast","year":"1986","journal-title":"Studies in family planning"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003127.ref029","first-page":"489","article-title":"Birth-preparedness for maternal health: findings from Koup\u00e9la district, Burkina Faso","volume":"24","author":"A.C. Moran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of health, population, and nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-8-33","article-title":"Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and birth preparedness practices among women in rural Uganda","volume":"8","author":"J.K. Kabakyenga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproductive health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v14i1.8","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in Mpwapwa district, Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"D.P. Urassa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tanzania journal of health research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-022-00573-0","article-title":"Spatial distribution of vitamin A rich foods intake and associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey","volume":"8","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0807-1","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with early initiation and frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits in a rural and urban setting in South Africa: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"L.S. Muhwava","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S140366","article-title":"Distance from health facility and mothers\u2019 perception of quality related to skilled delivery service utilization in northern Ethiopia","author":"G. Fisseha","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of women\u2019s health"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref035","volume-title":"Sampling of populations: methods and applications","author":"P.S. Levy","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003127.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0001752","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001752","article-title":"Spatial and multilevel analysis of sanitation service access and related factors among households in Ethiopia: using 2019 Ethiopian national dataset","volume":"3","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2182-4","article-title":"Predictors of CD4 count over time among HIV patients initiated ART in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: multilevel analysis","volume":"9","author":"L.D. Gezie","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00635-8","article-title":"Spatial distribution of iron rich foods consumption and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey","volume":"19","author":"S.A. Tiruneh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16001-2","article-title":"Exploring spatial patterns, and identifying factors associated with insufficient cash or food received from a productive safety net program among eligible households in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis as an input for international food aid programmers","volume":"23","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref040","article-title":"Awareness of birth preparedness and complication readiness in southeastern Nigeria","volume":"2011","author":"J.E. Ekabua","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Scholarly Research Notices"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1818-x","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women admitted in a rural hospital in Rwanda","volume":"18","author":"P. Smeele","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0003127.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czt089","article-title":"Increasing institutional deliveries among antenatal clients: effect of birth preparedness counselling","volume":"29","author":"D. Soubeiga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8727365","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness practice and associated factors among pregnant women, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2016","author":"Y. Bitew","year":"2016","journal-title":"International scholarly research notices"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0003127.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0189365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189365","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) among pregnant women in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"M. Moinuddin","year":"2017","journal-title":". PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146161","article-title":"Reasons for preference of home delivery with traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration","volume":"11","author":"B.K. Sarker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-282","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of child bearing age group in Goba woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"D. Markos","year":"2014","journal-title":". BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0041-8","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among recently delivered women in chamwino district, central Tanzania: a cross sectional study","volume":"12","author":"D. Bintabara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci-2022-100720","article-title":"Women\u2019s health service access and associated factors in Ethiopia: application of geographical information system and multilevel analysis.","volume":"30","author":"A.W. Demsash","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Health & Care Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-16","article-title":"Timing of antenatal care for adolescent and adult pregnant women in south-eastern Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"K. Gross","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0003127.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137570","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137570","article-title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Duguna Fango District, Wolayta Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"M. Gebre","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2766-9","article-title":"Birth preparedness, complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Agnuak zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a community based comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"F. Letose","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"key":"pgph.0003127.ref052","first-page":"164","article-title":"The impact of motorcycle accidents on the obstetric population in Calabar, Nigeria","author":"E.I. Ekanem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0003127.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3329\/brc.v8i2.60640","article-title":"Comparative assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"P. Akter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresearch Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003127.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00614-3","article-title":"Adequacy of prenatal care services and associated factors in Southern Ethiopia","volume":"79","author":"A. Tadele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:38:04Z","timestamp":1715794684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003127"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ifunanya Clara","family":"Agu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}}}