{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:19:36Z","timestamp":1781885976745,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health's (NIH) Intramural Research Program (IRP) through the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and NIH's Clinical Center"},{"name":"National Institute of Health's (NIH) Intramural Research Program (IRP) through the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and NIH's Clinical Center"},{"name":"National Institute of Health's (NIH) Intramural Research Program (IRP) through the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and NIH's Clinical Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>About 700,000 pregnant youths die each year in developing countries. To determine whether the persistent adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018 was influenced by proximal factors, particularly household head age, we carried out a cross-sectional study on adolescent girls that participated in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Age of first birth, residence type, age, and gender of household heads was collected using a 2018 standardized NDHS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to test for associations. We analyzed 8,448 adolescents who had experienced pregnancy during the study period. The results demonstrated that girls with male household heads aged 45 and older have lower odds of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.619; 95% CI = 0.447, 0.856; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004 compared to those with female household heads in the same age group. Girls with male household heads in three younger age groups have higher odds of adolescent pregnancy than those with female household heads in the corresponding age group (15\u201324: OR = 1.719, 95% CI = 1.042, 2.835, p = 0.034; 25\u201334: OR = 4.790, 95% CI = 1.986, 11.551, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; 35\u201344: OR = 2.080, 95% CI = 1.302, 3.323, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Girls with household heads aged in the 15\u201324 and 25\u201334 groups had higher odds of adolescent pregnancy compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Higher odds of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria were found among girls with household heads aged in the 15\u201324 and 25\u201334 groups compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Although girls with younger male household heads are at an increased risk nationally, those living in the rural areas with younger household heads are at an even higher risk for adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, levels of socioecological model must be considered in planning for effective interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:36:09Z","timestamp":1715794569000},"page":"e0003212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adolescent pregnancy persists in Nigeria: Does household heads\u2019 age matter?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christian Otado","family":"Mbulu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4513-872X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenyth R.","family":"Wallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0003212.ref001","first-page":"17","article-title":"Teenage Pregnancy in Nigeria: causes, effect and control","volume":"7","author":"OT Alabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences"},{"key":"pgph.0003212.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teenage pregnancy in Nigeria: Professional nurses and educators\u2019 perspectives.","volume":"831","author":"OA Akpor","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"pgph.0003212.ref003","article-title":"World Fertility 2019: Early and later childbearing among adolescent women (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/446); 2020.","author":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division"},{"key":"pgph.0003212.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-018-0088-y","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancy: the case of Luapula Province, Zambia.","volume":"4","author":"AN Moraes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal Health, Neonatology, and Perinatology,"},{"key":"pgph.0003212.ref005","unstructured":"Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. 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