{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:20:25Z","timestamp":1780586425313,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) is a known risk to respiratory health, causing chronic lung impairment. Yet, the immediate, acute effects of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure on respiratory symptoms, such as cough, are less understood. This pilot study aims to investigate this relationship using objective PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and cough monitors. Fifteen participants from rural Madagascar were followed for three days, equipped with an RTI Enhanced Children\u2019s MicroPEM PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> sensor and a smartphone with the ResApp Cough Counting Software application. Univariable Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were applied to measure the association between hourly PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and cough counts. Peaks in both PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration and cough frequency were observed during the day. A 10-fold increase in hourly PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration corresponded to a 39% increase in same-hour cough frequency (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.74). The strength of this association decreased with a one-hour lag between PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and cough frequency (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.44) and was not significant with a two-hour lag (IRR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.23). This study demonstrates the feasibility of objective PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and cough monitoring in remote settings. An association between hourly PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and cough frequency was detected, suggesting that PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure may have immediate effects on respiratory health. Further investigation is necessary in larger studies to substantiate these findings and understand the broader implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T17:33:32Z","timestamp":1722015212000},"page":"e0003530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence of cough from acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Madagascar: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-0923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai 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