{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:17:05Z","timestamp":1789579025913,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pregnancy may be associated with risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) in those infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The perinatal period could provide opportunities for targeted screening and treatment. This study aims to synthesise published literature on\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in pregnancy, relating to prevalence, natural history, test performance, cascade of care, and treatment. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase+Embase Classic, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on October 3, 2023, and 47 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was as high as 57.0% in some populations, with rates increasing with maternal age and in women from high TB-incidence settings. Five studies quantified perinatal progression from\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection to active TB disease, with two demonstrating increased risk compared to non-pregnant populations (IRR 1.3\u20131.4 during pregnancy and IRR 1.9\u20132 postpartum). Concordance between Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon Gamma-Release Assay (IGRA) ranged from 49.4%-96.3%, with k-values of 0.19\u20130.56. High screening adherence was reported, with 62.0\u2013100.0% completing antenatal TST and 81.0\u2013100.0% of those positive having chest radiograph. Four studies of TB preventative treatment (TPT) did not find a significant association with serious adverse events. The antenatal period could provide opportunities for contextualised\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection screening and treatment. As women with increased age and from high TB-incidence settings demonstrate higher prevalence and risk of disease, this cohort should be prioritised. TPT appears safe and feasible; however, further studies are needed to optimise algorithms, ensuring pregnant and postpartum women can make evidence-informed decisions for effective TB prevention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T13:30:28Z","timestamp":1732282228000},"page":"e0003578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in pregnancy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3022-6696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alison J.","family":"Morton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9583-2151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Roddy Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9663-0655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard E.","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1368-8356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven Y. C.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7873-933X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Dunstan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9214-6431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justin T.","family":"Denholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003578.ref001","first-page":"26","article-title":"Pregnancy: Its Influence on the Development and Progress of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.","volume":"20","author":"AP Dutcher","year":"1863","journal-title":"Chic Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003578.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ991","article-title":"Toward Earlier Inclusion of Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Tuberculosis Drug Trials: Consensus Statements From an International Expert Panel","volume":"62","author":"A Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0003578.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis732","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Epidemiology, Management, and Research Gaps","volume":"55","author":"JS Mathad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0003578.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix533","article-title":"A Community Perspective on the Inclusion of Pregnant Women in Tuberculosis Drug Trials","volume":"65","author":"L McKenna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003578.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"L Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0003578.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.12.005","article-title":"Tuberculosis in association with HIV\/AIDS emerges as a major nonobstetric cause of maternal mortality","volume":"108","author":"J Grange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sub-Saharan Africa. 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