{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:41:33Z","timestamp":1770914493090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000683","name":"Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L019078\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L019078\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1045-CANTAM 2 EDCTP-RegNet-2015-863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1045-CANTAM 2 EDCTP-RegNet-2015-863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a neglected zoonotic disease, is endemic in cattle in many Sub-saharan African countries, yet its contribution to tuberculosis (TB) burden is understudied. Rapid urbanisation and increase in demand for animal proteins, including dairy products, increases the risk of spill over. This study compared the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) risk in children, a proxy-measure for recent TB infection, in children living in high cattle density areas to children from the general population in Cameroon. Cross-sectional study in the Centre Region of Cameroon in 2021, recruiting 160 children aged 2\u201315 years, stratified by exposure to livestock, people treated for pulmonary TB (PTB) and the general community. Veinous blood was tested for LTBI using QuantiFERON\u2013TB Gold-Plus. Prevalence were calculated and the association to exposure and other risk factors investigated using logistic regression models. The crude LTBI prevalence were 8.2% in the general population, 7.3% in those exposed to cattle and 61% in pulmonary TB household contacts. After adjusting for confounding and sampling design, exposure to cattle and exposure to pulmonary TB were associated with higher risk of LTBI than the general population (respectively odds ratio (OR): 3.56, 95%CI: 0.34 to 37.03; and OR: 10.36, 95%CI: 3.13 to 34.21). Children frequently consuming cow milk had higher risk of LTBI (OR: 3.35; 95%CI 0.18 to 60.94). Despite limited statistical power, this study suggests that children exposed to cattle in a setting endemic for bTB had higher risk of LTBI, providing indirect evidence that <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> may contribute to TB burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T20:38:09Z","timestamp":1724704689000},"page":"e0003669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exposure to bovine livestock and latent tuberculosis infection in children: Investigating the zoonotic tuberculosis potential in a large urban and peri-urban area of Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1122-7059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martine Augusta Flore","family":"Tsasse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Dilonga Meriki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-6048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugues Clotaire","family":"Nana Djeunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius Ambe","family":"Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri Olivier","family":"Tatsilong Pambou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00efssa","family":"Dongmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ouethy","family":"Nguessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-3490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Kamgno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla","family":"Akoachere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3429-0259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"Nguipdop-Djomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003669.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30139-6","article-title":"Zoonotic tuberculosis in human beings caused by Mycobacterium bovis-a call for action","volume":"17","author":"F Olea-Popelka","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003669.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12530","article-title":"Cattle-associated risk factors for human tuberculosis in rural livestock-keeping communities, Uganda.","volume":"66","author":"J Meisner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses and public health."},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003669.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0021-2016","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis and Other Uncommon Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex","volume":"4","author":"J Esteban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0003669.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.647-650.2001","article-title":"Pyrazinamide-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States","volume":"39","author":"MM Hannan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0003669.ref005","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Bovine tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: an updated history.","volume":"50","author":"G. 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