{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:40:49Z","timestamp":1791862849726,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigates the influence of air quality on birth weight and preterm birth. Utilizing data from the national family health survey and raster images, the study employs various statistical analyses and spatial models to elucidate the connection between in-utero exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes, both at the individual and district levels. It was observed that approximately 13% of children were born prematurely, and 17% were born with low birth weight. Increased ambient particulate matter 2.5 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher odds of low birth weight (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.29\u20131.45). Mothers exposed to particulate matter 2.5 during pregnancy had a heightened likelihood of delivering prematurely (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.57\u20131.77) in comparison to unexposed mothers. Climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature had a greater association with adverse birth outcomes. Children residing in the Northern districts of India appeared to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of ambient air pollution. Employing a distributed spline approach, the study identified a discernible upward trend in the risk of adverse birth outcomes as the level of exposure increased, particularly following an exposure level of 40 particulate matter 2.5 ug\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    . A 10 \u03bcg m\u2009\u2212\u20093 increase in particulate matter 2.5 exposure was associated with a 5% increase in the prevalence of low birth weight and a 12% increase in preterm birth. Among the different spatial models used in this study, the multiscale geographically weighted regression spatial model showed the best fit to the actual scenario, effectively capturing the spatial relationships between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and adverse birth outcomes. In addition to addressing immediate determinants such as nutrition and maternal healthcare, it is imperative to collaboratively address distal factors encompassing both indoor and outdoor pollution to attain lasting enhancements in child health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T13:24:38Z","timestamp":1751462678000},"page":"e0003798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In-utero exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes in India: Geostatistical modelling using remote sensing and demographic health survey data 2019\u201321"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-4614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arup","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malay","family":"Pramanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arabinda","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparajita","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9006-730X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary","family":"Abed Al Ahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0003798.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-017-0466-z","article-title":"How healthy will be the air quality in 2050?","volume":"11","author":"A Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref002","author":"UN","year":"2021"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113880","article-title":"Household air pollution and cognitive health among Indian older adults: Evidence from LASI","volume":"214","author":"A Jana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"10258","key":"pgph.0003798.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Collaborators GBD 2019 Risk Factors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref005","volume-title":"The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action","author":"World Bank, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2016"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref006","volume-title":"GBD 2019 Cause and Risk Summary: Ambient particulate matter pollution","author":"IHME","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003798.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-019-00690-z","article-title":"Influence of spatial resolution on population PM2.5 exposure and health impacts","volume":"12","author":"A Korhonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0003798.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-020-00867-x","article-title":"Air pollution and its health impacts in Malaysia: a review","volume":"13","author":"RSA Usmani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref009","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117223","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in Scotland: A register-based individual-level longitudinal study","volume":"238","author":"M Abed Al Ahad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"pgph.0003798.ref011","volume-title":"World Air Quality Report 2023","author":"IQAir","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003798.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2021.01.021","article-title":"Air pollution and its impact on cardiovascular health - 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