{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:24:59Z","timestamp":1770272699703,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accepted manuscripts published in medical journals play a crucial role within the scientific community. Over the past few decades, there has been a gradual increase in the number of women entering the medical field. However, women remain underrepresented as first and last authors in medical journals. This lack of representation makes it harder for them to reach leadership roles and advance academically. Even if this has been studied in high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries still lack evidence to prove this fundamental problem. This study aims to do this by investigating the gender distribution among authors and exploring disparities in authorship in Colombia. The analysis encompassed 6,088 articles derived from 54 research journals obtained from the official website of Colombia\u2019s Ministry of Health. The journals included enhance the significance of this paper, as they are typically not included in indexed databases. Consequently, their inclusion in gender evaluations has been limited in previous studies. These were predominantly original research articles, although case reports and reviews were also present. Until now, there has been no assessment of gender disparities in authorship within medical and surgical specialty journals in Colombia. The presence of enduring gender differences in medical authorship in Colombia remains evident, independent of the temporal, geographical, or academic domain. Even when factors such as medical specialization and geographic location influenced women\u2019s authorship proportions, the gap persisted in all cases. This highlights the critical need for increased support for women researchers and equitable resource allocation to address the specific medical specializations as well as geographical locations that we found were even more affected by these gender disparities. This paper highlights the urgent need to address gender disparities in the authorship of medical and surgical research publications in Colombia and other Latin American countries. Addressing these disparities is a critical step toward assisting women in advancing in an equal and fair medical profession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:22:23Z","timestamp":1737570143000},"page":"e0003972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disparities of women\u2019s authorship in Colombia: A cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3852-936X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda Alejandra","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rincon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Serpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0117-4763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-9920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abul Ariza","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-1845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Santiago","family":"Callegari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0003972.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2019.11.005","article-title":"Gender disparity in authorship of peer-reviewed medical publications","volume":"360","author":"K Bernardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0003972.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000849","article-title":"Despite growing number of women surgeons, authorship gender disparity in orthopaedic literature persists over 30 years","volume":"478","author":"MA Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003972.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004057","article-title":"Trends in female authorship in high impact surgical journals between 2008 and 2018","volume":"275","author":"KL Hart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i847","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i847","article-title":"Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014)","volume":"352","author":"G Filardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref005","year":"2023"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref006","first-page":"4","author":"United Nations and Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003972.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14427","article-title":"Gender in authorship and editorship in medical education journals: a bibliometric review","volume":"55","author":"C Madden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003972.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000294","article-title":"Is authorship by women in Brazilian academic surgery increasing? A five-year retrospective analysis","volume":"2","author":"M Graner","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref009","author":"PA Dominguez","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0003972.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2114509","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.14509","article-title":"Gender disparity in citations in high-impact journal articles","volume":"4","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003972.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25379","DOI":"10.2196\/25379","article-title":"Gender disparity in the authorship of biomedical research publications during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective observational study","volume":"23","author":"G Muric","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0003972.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb03346.x","article-title":"Pediatric journals on the internet","volume":"89","author":"M Gdalevich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003972.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/25729861.2019.1621538","article-title":"Women in Latin American science: gender parity in the twenty-first century and prospects for a post-war Colombia","volume":"2","author":"C L\u00f3pez-Aguirre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tapuya Lat Am Sci Technol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0003972.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004956","article-title":"The gender gap in science: how long until women are equally represented?","volume":"16","author":"L Holman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0003972.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0907","article-title":"Trends in proportion of women as authors of medical journal articles, 2008-2018","volume":"179","author":"KL Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref016"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref017","author":"CEE Tiempo","year":"2017"},{"key":"pgph.0003972.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2018.00024","article-title":"Women in academia and research: an overview of the challenges toward gender equality in Colombia and how to move forward","volume":"5","author":"CM Franco-Orozco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Astron Space Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003972.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1760833","article-title":"Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on authorship gender disparities in the ophthalmology literature","volume":"15","author":"M Kalavar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Acad Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0003972.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221121536","article-title":"Gender distribution & rank of authorship in surgical literature","volume":"89","author":"S Selvakumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003972.ref021","first-page":"57","article-title":"Authorship diversity in otolaryngology: a 9-year analysis of articles published in Journal of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"52","author":"K Kirubalingam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0003972.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037819","DOI":"10.1080\/25729861.2022.2037819","article-title":"The mirage of scientific productivity and how women are left behind: the Colombian case","volume":"5","author":"C L\u00f3pez-Aguirre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tapuya Lat Am Sci Technol Soc"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:22:34Z","timestamp":1737570154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003972"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Zeinali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003972","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]}}}