{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1790778380630,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examine empirical and conceptual considerations related to the role of nurturing care for protecting human capital formation in the context of climate change.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Climate change is a pressing global challenge. Heatwaves, wildfires, storms, and floods are becoming more frequent and severe, and their direct impact and aftermath can have long-lasting negative effects on employment, education, healthcare, and access to essential services. Children are particularly vulnerable to these harms due to their developmental immaturity and limited capacity to mitigate and avoid risks [1,2]. Consequently, parents and other adult primary caregivers \u2013 such as grandparents, relatives, and foster parents (hereafter \u201ccaregivers\u201d) \u2013 provide the primary buffer between climate hazards and adverse developmental outcomes. They do this through <jats:italic>nurturing care<\/jats:italic>, defined as the provision of stable environments that promote children\u2019s health and nutrition, safety and security, opportunities for learning, and emotionally supportive relationships [3]. Despite the central role of nurturing care for children\u2019s life outcomes, it rarely appears in climate change research and policy discourse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T18:07:29Z","timestamp":1744135649000},"page":"e0004441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nurturing care as a critical buffer against climate change impacts on child development"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-3298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cuartas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Vergunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0004441.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211040787","article-title":"Climate change and children\u2019s mental health: a developmental perspective","volume":"10","author":"F Vergunst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0004441.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12503","article-title":"The developmental consequences of early exposure to climate change\u2010related risks","volume":"18","author":"J Cuartas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspectives"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0004441.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004436","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004436","article-title":"The principles of Nurturing Care promote human capital and mitigate adversities from preconception through adolescence","volume":"6","author":"MM Black","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref004","volume-title":"Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential","author":"World Health Organization, UNICEF, World Bank Group","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0004441.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00076-1","article-title":"Estimates of a multidimensional index of nurturing care in the next 1000 days of life for children in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study","volume":"6","author":"DC McCoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref006","article-title":"The next 1000 days: building on early investments for the health and development of young children","author":"C Draper","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0004441.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-01945-z","article-title":"Education outcomes in the era of global climate change","volume":"14","author":"CM Prentice","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0004441.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21219","article-title":"Impact of air pollution and climate change on mental health outcomes: an umbrella review of global evidence","volume":"23","author":"J Radua","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0004441.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00104-3","article-title":"Ambient temperature and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"R Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref010","article-title":"Responsive caregiving, opportunities for early learning, and children\u2019s safety and security during COVID-19: A rapid review","author":"K Proulx","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118963418.childpsy403","article-title":"Children\u2019s Parents.","volume-title":"Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science. 4","author":"MH. Bornstein","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10465","key":"pgph.0004441.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01822-1","article-title":"The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action","volume":"404","author":"M Romanello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0004441.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12942","article-title":"Women, girls, and climate change: Human rights, vulnerabilities, and opportunities","volume":"59","author":"NM Sidun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref014","unstructured":"Cabran M. Protecting children in Malawi: A report on the major findings of the mapping and assessment of the National Child Protection System. 2012."},{"key":"pgph.0004441.ref015","volume-title":"Situation Report on Cyclone Remal and Floods in Bangladesh No. 4","author":"UNICEF Bangladesh.","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T18:07:45Z","timestamp":1744135665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004441"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004441","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]}}}