{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:11:16Z","timestamp":1789495876900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Health diplomacy is increasingly recognized as critical domain of practice for advancing global health equity, navigating political complexity, and fostering cooperation across sectors and borders. Yet formal training opportunities remain limited worldwide, with existing programs differing in length, depth and content, and lacking a shared core curriculum. To address these persistent gaps, the Health Diplomacy Institutional Network (HDIN) developed a globally informed, competency-based training framework that contributes to the professionalization of the field by offering a shared foundation for capacity building in health diplomacy. Co-developed by global experts and practitioners, the framework identifies five key competencies \u2013 global health knowledge, political and diplomatic acumen, strategic leadership, cross-cultural communication, and advocacy and coalition-building \u2013 each articulated across four progressive levels of mastery, from basic to expert. This structure enables institutions to align training content with learners\u2019 roles, experience levels, and contexts. The framework\u2019s flexible, outcomes-based design allows for adaptation across institutional missions, educational formats, and geopolitical settings. Accompanied by practical implementation tools, the HDIN Training Framework supports high-quality, context-responsive capacity-building for academic institutions, governments, NGOs, and multilateral organizations. It aims to equip a health diplomacy workforce capable of advancing health priorities amid intensifying global interdependence and uncertainty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:48:27Z","timestamp":1789494507000},"page":"e0004974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparing current and emerging health leaders: An innovative competency-based framework for health diplomacy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7555-5332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esperanza","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Law, Governance and Policy, Australian National University","place":["Canberra, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-573X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellen","family":"Rosskam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Center for Social Epidemiology","place":["Los Angeles, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-8406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Garry","family":"Aslanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"name":"UNICEF\/UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsay","family":"Baines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson College, University of Oxford","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaculty Initiative in Planetary Health, Nagasaki University","place":["Nagasaki, Japan"]},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University","place":["Nagasaki, Japan"]},{"name":"Navigo Partners, LLC","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikica","family":"Darabos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business and Tourism and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Split","place":["Croatia"],"department":["Faculty of Economics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-5847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian Li Han","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University","place":["Maastricht, Netherlands"],"department":["Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-8773","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nina","family":"Viberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Sweden"],"department":["Department of Global Public Health and Center of Excellence for Sustainable Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6886-5156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariko","family":"Hososawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of Global Health Cooperation, Japan Institution for Health 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