{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:14:15Z","timestamp":1789902855169,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009425","name":"Q.M. Gastmann-Wichers Stichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EDCTP2 programme supported by the EU","award":["RIA2017NIM-1847-PEOPLE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2017NIM-1847-PEOPLE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since 2018, the WHO recommends provision of single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) to contacts of leprosy patients. In the Post-ExpOsure Prophylaxis for LEprosy (PEOPLE) trial that took place in the Comoros (Anjouan and Moh\u00e9li) and Madagascar (2019\u20132023), single double-dose rifampicin (SDDR)-PEP administration modalities were compared. Additionally, in 16\/64 villages, anti-\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    phenolic glycolipid-I (anti-PGL-I) IgM levels were measured for three consecutive years, in newly diagnosed leprosy patients and more than 17,000 household- and neighbourhood contacts who had been screened for signs of leprosy. To study the impact of active case finding and SDDR-PEP on\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection rates in the population, fingerstick blood of contacts was sampled before, during and after the administration of SDDR-PEP. In this serosurvey, anti-PGL-I IgM levels were measured for the first time at such large scale by local staff using a field-friendly, quantitative lateral flow assay based on the UCP-platform (UCP-LFA). Out of 53 multibacillary patients with a bacterial index of 1 or higher, 92.5% (n\u2009=\u200949) tested seropositive for anti-\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    PGL-I IgM, confirming excellent performance of the test when executed by local staff. Before SDDR-PEP administration, seroprevalence among contacts in the different villages ranged from 21.9% to 27.4% across the three study sites. After two years of active case finding and SDDR-PEP, seroprevalence was significantly lower in the population in all three study sites (11.6% to 22.8%). Longitudinal serological monitoring in initially seropositive contacts showed significant reductions in anti-PGL-I IgM levels at an individual level. This reduction in seropositivity was observed irrespective of administration of SDDR-PEP. These serological data suggest that the implemented combination of active case finding with SDDR-PEP, led to a reduction in infection levels in the population in these study sites. This large-scale field serosurvey demonstrates the usefulness of the anti-PGL-I UCP-LFA to evaluate and monitor at a population level the effects of leprosy control interventions on\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0005270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:26:12Z","timestamp":1764699972000},"page":"e0005270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Large-scale field application of a fingerstick blood test for Mycobacterium leprae infection: Monitoring population-wide effects of case finding and post-exposure prophylaxis on transmission in the Comoros and Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2231-919X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise","family":"Pierneef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-8257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sofie M.","family":"Braet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-147X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Ramboarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4134-9674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anouk","family":"van Hooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Wirdane","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimer","family":"Ortuno-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-9818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rian","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Maharavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2212-8198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silahi Halifa","family":"Grillone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriamira","family":"Randrianantoandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mala","family":"Rakoto-Andrianarivelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahinamandranto","family":"Rasamoelina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epco","family":"Hasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Corstjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-4675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bouke C.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Cauchoix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younoussa","family":"Assoumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8555-2872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annemieke","family":"Geluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0005270.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006","article-title":"The continuing challenges of leprosy","volume":"19","author":"DM Scollard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pgph.0005270.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698588","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.698588","article-title":"Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a second agent of Hansen\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"P Deps","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pgph.0005270.ref003","unstructured":"WHO. 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