{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:50:29Z","timestamp":1782237029174,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease morbidity in Bangladesh. Despite increasing national attention to hypertension control, there remains limited population-level evidence quantifying how inequalities are distributed across the full cascade of diagnosis, treatment, and control using nationally representative data. We aimed to assess socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and blood pressure control. We analyzed data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022, including 14,178 adults aged \u226518 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure \u2265140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \u226590 mmHg, or a previous diagnosis. Blood pressure control among treated individuals was defined as systolic blood pressure &lt;140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg at survey measurement. Among participants with hypertension, we examined diagnosis, treatment, and control rates. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for factors associated with hypertension prevalence and the care cascade. Socioeconomic inequalities were assessed using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII), Slope Index of Inequality (SII), and Concentration Index (CnI). Overall, 22% of participants had hypertension (3,142\/14,178), of whom 59% were previously diagnosed (1,863\/3,142); among those diagnosed, 72.5% received treatment (1,350\/1,863), and among those treated, 44% achieved blood pressure control (594\/1,350). Older age (aOR 12.5, for \u226560 years), female sex (aOR 1.57), being in rich wealth quintile (aOR 1.20,), overweight (aOR 3.41), obesity (aOR 5.45), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (aOR 2.20) were associated with higher odds of hypertension. A pro-rich distribution of socioeconomic inequalities was evident in prevalence (RII 1.74, SII 0.28, CnI 0.09), diagnosis (RII 2.33, SII 0.42, CnI 0.17), treatment (RII 2.56, SII 0.39, CnI 0.15), and control (RII 1.50, SII 0.12, CnI: 0.07) of hypertension. Major gaps and socioeconomic inequalities persist in the hypertension care cascade in Bangladesh. Targeted, equity-focused strategies are essential for improving hypertension care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0006712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:25:25Z","timestamp":1782235525000},"page":"e0006712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socio-economic inequalities in hypertension prevalence and care cascade in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationally representative survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5415-6399","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Abdur","family":"Rafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6842-8940","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Urby Saraf","family":"Anika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3822-5489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Golam","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0006712.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0006712.ref002","article-title":"The burden of diseases and risk factors in Bangladesh, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"11","author":"GBD 2019 Bangladesh Burden of Disease Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob 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