{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:03:36Z","timestamp":1785175416726,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA23I0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA23I0063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While Chile achieved one of the world\u2019s highest and most equitable SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverages during the pandemic, less is known about the post-pandemic stage. This study examines within-country geospatial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake and their socio-demographic determinants in two urban areas of Chile. A population-based survey conducted in May 2024 collected individual data on vaccination status and socio-demographic characteristics. These were georeferenced and linked to census information at the household block level. Spatial analyses explored clustering and correlations between the number of vaccine doses and variables such as age structure, educational attainment, overcrowding, and proximity to public health facilities. Moran\u2019s Index was used to assess spatial autocorrelation and bivariate relationships, disaggregated by sex and city. The number of vaccine doses inoculated displayed significant spatial concentration, particularly among women. A positive spatial correlation was found between vaccination and higher education, and a negative correlation with overcrowding in one city. Distance to health facilities was not significantly associated with vaccine uptake. Across both cities, a higher proportion of older adults was associated with higher vaccination rates, with gender-specific patterns observed. Despite Chile\u2019s previously homogeneous vaccination performance, post-pandemic findings reveal emerging socio-spatial disparities. The return of demographic and territorial determinants suggests a shift toward structural influences on vaccine uptake. These results underscore the need for territorially tailored public health strategies to reduce intra-country disparities in immunization access over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0006808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:26:32Z","timestamp":1785173192000},"page":"e0006808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geospatial disparities in post-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Evidence from Chile beyond the national success"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3642-6965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muriel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-8780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3578-459X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paola","family":"Rubilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Apablaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-4778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis","family":"Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-2506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Loreto","family":"Nu\u00f1ez-Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0006808.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12101118","article-title":"HPV vaccination coverage in Brazil\u2019s State of Paran\u00e1: Spatial distribution and advances in public health","volume":"12","author":"FC Pelloso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0006808.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14797-z","article-title":"Spatial analysis of measles vaccination coverage in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"23","author":"Y de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0006808.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0331","article-title":"Identifying area-level disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination coverage using geospatial analysis","volume":"30","author":"DC Wheeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0006808.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050211","article-title":"Spatial distribution, determinants and trends of full vaccination coverage in children aged 12-59 months in Peru: A subanalysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey","volume":"12","author":"A Al-Kassab-C\u00f3rdova","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0006808.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035558","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2035558","article-title":"Spatial distribution and associated factors of measles vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. 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