{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:15:59Z","timestamp":1793052959757,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00537200.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00537200.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health challenge in Vietnam. Barriers include limited awareness and access to screening as well as out-of-pocket diagnosis and treatment costs. Point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer an opportunity to expand screening and linkages to diagnosis and care. This intervention assessed technology-enhanced community pharmacies ability to provide HBV screening and find cases in Vietnam using digital monitoring and cross-sectional digital survey data. Between February 2024 and March 2025, SwipeRx partnered with the Vietnamese Pharmaceutical Association and the commercial supplier of Determine HBsAg-RDT to implement a trial program including digital campaigns, accredited digital training, in-pharmacy and mobile coaching, and supplier linkages. Monitoring and cross-sectional digital survey data were used to assess changes in HBV knowledge and practices at the pharmacy. Among 917 pharmacists who completed the accredited online training, 117 pharmacies with at least 1 trained pharmacist received coaching and procured 5,900 HBsAg-RDTs, with 48% placing repeat orders. During the same six-month period, 84% (98\/117) of pharmacies identified 270 pharmacy clients who tested positive out of 2,840 unique clients screened using HBsAg-RDT prior to referral\u00a0to a nearby health facility for confirmatory HBV diagnosis. Pharmacists who completed the digital training and were engaged with digital campaigns and coaching were 2.83 times more likely to stock HBsAg-RDT and reported significantly higher HBV-related knowledge and confidence compared to non-engaged pharmacists. This research demonstrates how technology-enabled training and pharmacy engagement can facilitate community access to new health products and services, including HBV screening. Optimizing test packaging, pricing, and pharmacy client demand may further expand access to and uptake of HBV screening through community pharmacies in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:37:10Z","timestamp":1787765830000},"page":"e0007137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Hepatitis B case finding through tech-enhanced community pharmacy: Results from a trial program in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2029-8600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khue Nguyen Y","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinit","family":"Mehtsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-050X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boon-Leong","family":"Neo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan Minh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang Viet","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8552-9062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josselyn","family":"Neukom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54394\/CJQU6666","volume-title":"Global hepatitis report 2024: action for access in low- and middle-income countries","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10003","key":"pgph.0007137.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X","article-title":"Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013","volume":"386","author":"A Schweitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073274819862793","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274819862793","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the Northern Region of Vietnam","volume":"26","author":"VQ Le","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i1.116","article-title":"High burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis in Southern and Central Vietnam: Experience of a large tertiary referral center, 2010 to 2016","volume":"10","author":"S-H Nguyen-Dinh","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref005","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Vietnam. Viral hepatitis prevention plan 2021\u20132025. 2021. https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/The-thao-Y-te\/Quyet-dinh-4531-QD-BYT-2021-Ke-hoach-phong-chong-benh-viem-gan-vi-rut-giai-doan-2021-2025-489252.aspx"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref006","volume-title":"The current situation, factors related to hepatitis B virus infection among adults in the central highlands region and effectiveness of infection prevention interventions","author":"NT Nguyen","year":"2021"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref007","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Vietnam. Guidelines for Hepatitis B and C virus testing. 2020."},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref008","unstructured":"Vietnam HEAT Project. Hepatitis evaluation to amplify testing and treatment (H.E.A.T.) in Vietnam. 2022. https:\/\/www.globalhep.org\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/webinar\/files\/2022-10\/Vietnam-HEAT%20project-overview.pdf"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102489","article-title":"Viral hepatitis testing and treatment in community pharmacies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"MJ Hayes","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007137.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v14i3.6478","article-title":"Hepatitis screening in community pharmacies as a measure of reducing the rate of infections","volume":"14","author":"P Dave","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Drug Delivery Ther"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.08.006","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on hepatitis B screening in Sierra Leone: insights from a community pharmacy model of care","volume":"9","author":"M Ghazzawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref012","volume-title":"Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007137.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102233","article-title":"Point-of-care tests for hepatitis B: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2562","article-title":"Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for assessment of hepatitis B in resource-limited settings","volume":"85","author":"JS Leathers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref015","unstructured":"Abbott. Determine HBsAg 2 - Hepatitis B virus test. Accessed 2025 July. https:\/\/www.globalpointofcare.abbott\/ww\/en\/product-details\/bioline-hbsag.html"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Prequalification of In Vitro Diagnostics - PUBLIC REPORT - Product: Determine HBsAg 2 - WHO Reference Number: PQDx 0451-013-00. 2023. https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/prequal\/sites\/default\/files\/whopr_files\/PQDx_0451-013-00_Determne_v3.pdf"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref017","volume-title":"Sample size calculations in clinical research","author":"SC Chow","year":"2018","edition":"3"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref018","unstructured":"Statulator. Sample size calculator for comparing two independent proportions. Accessed 2025 July. https:\/\/statulator.com\/SampleSize\/ss2P.html"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref019","volume-title":"Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection: policy Brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007137.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01444-1","article-title":"Point-of-care HIV and hepatitis screening in community pharmacies: a quantitative and qualitative study","volume":"44","author":"I Figueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd19.220129","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a collaborative, pharmacy-based hepatitis C and HIV screening program","volume":"19","author":"DG Klepser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007137.ref022","article-title":"Leveraging expertise from community resources to improve the role of the pharmacist in HIV testing and counseling","volume":"12","author":"ES Diaz-Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02568-1","article-title":"Implementation strategies and outcomes in the delivery of HIV test services (HTS) in community pharmacies in Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"YO Oseni","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22546-w","article-title":"Improving hypertension awareness and management in Vietnam through a community-based model","volume":"12","author":"H McGuire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17522-6","article-title":"Continuity of primary care for type 2 diabetes and hypertension and its association with health outcomes and disease control: insights from Central Vietnam","volume":"24","author":"Q-A Le Ho Thi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham T, Hoang L, Dao D, Dang T, Nguyen V, Le D, et al. Expanding Hepatitis B screening with point-of-care rapid testing in primary care: an implementation science study. medRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.29.24312788","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.29.24312788"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007137.ref027","article-title":"Uptake and acceptability of Oral HIV self-testing among community pharmacy clients in Kenya: a feasibility study","volume":"12","author":"PM Mugo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007137.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26177","article-title":"Measuring the performance of HIV self-testing at private pharmacies in Kenya: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"KF Ortblad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007137.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091157","article-title":"The effectiveness of screening for diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a community pharmacy setting","volume":"9","author":"A Willis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0007137.ref030","first-page":"100854","article-title":"A robust health system to achieve universal health coverage in Vietnam","volume":"37","author":"J Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:37:16Z","timestamp":1787765836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007137"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Mu\u00f1iz-Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}