{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:07:50Z","timestamp":1789063670976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014587","name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSTU\/RTC-B\/23\/NFS-148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSTU\/RTC-B\/23\/NFS-148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foodborne diseases are a significant public health problem in Bangladesh, particularly among school students with unsafe handling and consumption of food is a common practice. Therefore, this study assessed food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among secondary school students across Bangladesh and examined socio-demographic predictors and division-wise variations in these areas. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 January to 25 May 2024 in eight districts covering all administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Using a multistage sampling method, 48 secondary schools were chosen, and 2,226 students aged 12\u201317 years and enrolled in grades 9 and 10 (the secondary education level in Bangladesh) participated in the study (94.4% response rate). A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics and the food safety KAP. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were conducted using SPSS 26.0, and the division-wise variations were explored using ArcGIS 10.8. The mean knowledge score obtained was 5.04\/10 (50.4%), indicating moderate knowledge with respect to personal hygiene and considerable gaps in handling expired foods and food storage practices. The average attitude was 24.56\/50 (49.1%), indicating borderline positive attitudes with common misconceptions about food additives and expired foods. Food safety practices were low, with a mean score of 19.92\/50 (39.8%), indicating low adherence to appropriate reheating, storage, and hygienic practices. Gender, academic class, parents\u2019 education, income, and participation in food preparation were the major predictors, according to the regression models. There were variations across divisions, with Rangpur, Sylhet, and Mymensingh performing better in the KAP domains. Secondary school students in Bangladesh have moderate knowledge with borderline attitudes and poor food safety practices. Knowledge did not correlate with behavioral performance; however, attitudes strongly predicted practice. Personalized and targeted division-specific food safety education programs should be promoted to enhance adolescents\u2019 food safety behaviors and mitigate their potential liability in unnecessary future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:27:58Z","timestamp":1789061278000},"page":"e0007173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of food safety knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices among secondary school students in Bangladesh: A geographic information system-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Md. Nazrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","place":["Patuakhali, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaia","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","place":["Patuakhali, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Mahmud","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","place":["Patuakhali, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-6128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nitai","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","place":["Patuakhali, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref001","unstructured":"Food safety. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/food-safety. Accessed 2025 March 17."},{"issue":"1821","key":"pgph.0007173.ref002","first-page":"20143085","article-title":"Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age","volume":"282","author":"AK Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.106782","article-title":"Food safety and the older consumer: A systematic review and meta-regression of their knowledge and practices at home","volume":"107","author":"A Thaivalappil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref004","unstructured":"Food Safety for Older Adults and People with Cancer, Diabetes, HIV\/AIDS, Organ Transplants, and Autoimmune Diseases. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/people-risk-foodborne-illness\/food-safety-older-adults-and-people-cancer-diabetes-hivaids-organ-transplants-and-autoimmune. 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007173.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004309","article-title":"Quantifying national burdens of foodborne disease-Four imperatives for global impact","volume":"5","author":"KH Keddy","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178630221999635","DOI":"10.1177\/1178630221999635","article-title":"Childhood Malnutrition and the Association with Diarrhea, Water supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices in Kersa and Omo Nada Districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"NE Soboksa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"issue":"10258","key":"pgph.0007173.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7401a1","article-title":"Contributing Factors of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks - National Outbreak Reporting System, United States, 2014-2022","volume":"74","author":"MM Holst","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref009","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Foodborne Diseases: Overview of Biological Hazards and Foodborne Diseases","author":"E Todd","year":"2014"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref010","article-title":"Food safety in developing countries: common foodborne and waterborne illnesses, regulations, organizational structure, and challenges of food safety in the context of Nepal","author":"D Subedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Frontiers"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-378612-8.00310-3","article-title":"Public Health Measures: Challenges of Developing Countries in Management of Food Safety","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Food Safety","author":"PO Lamuka","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007173.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11060261","article-title":"Young People\u2019s Views on Food Hygiene and Food Safety: A Multicentre Qualitative Study","volume":"11","author":"R Syeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.115027","article-title":"Understanding and evaluating risk perception, knowledge, and food safety self-reported practices of public-school students in Brazil","volume":"196","author":"SA Batista","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"19","key":"pgph.0007173.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.721","article-title":"Modelling of Risk Factors Associated with Foodborne Disease among School-Aged Children in Medan, Indonesia","volume":"7","author":"NDA Lubis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref015","article-title":"Document analysis of foodborne diseases and intervention strategies in Philippine basic education for the last 17 years","author":"M Limon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.104611","article-title":"Food safety in low and middle-income countries: The evidence through an economic lens","volume":"123","author":"V Hoffmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007173.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10490","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120910490","article-title":"Food Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries","volume":"12","author":"D Grace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007173.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.26719\/2024.30.12.837","article-title":"Exploring food safety knowledge and practices in Lebanon","volume":"30","author":"J Karam","year":"2024","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007173.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/fsh3.70015","article-title":"Advancing Food Safety in Bangladesh: Challenges and the Promise of Smart Sensor Technology","volume":"3","author":"MW Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Safety and Health"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2025.103372","article-title":"Does food safety governance in Bangladesh include the urban poor? An analysis of government strategies and policies for the retail food environment in Bangladesh, 2013\u20132022","volume":"159","author":"ML Haque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Habitat International"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68099-y","article-title":"Inadequate food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among street food vendors in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"S Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barua P, Banik KS, Saha S, Jamee AR, Trina AT, Musa S. Risk factors associated with street food consumption in Dhaka city due to faeco-oral parasitic infection in food vendors. Food and Humanity. 2024;100441.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foohum.2024.100441"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483519","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/483519","article-title":"Food Safety Challenges towards Safe, Healthy, and Nutritious Street Foods in Bangladesh","volume":"2014","author":"M Khairuzzaman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109198","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices model in food safety: Limitations and methodological suggestions","volume":"141","author":"DT da Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007173.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.11591\/ijphs.v10i2.20665","article-title":"Relationship of knowledge and attitude with food handling practices: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"K Ernawati","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJPHS"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref026","unstructured":"Suman S, Manyam S, Satyanarayana K, Vijayaraghavan K. Food safety system in Bangladesh: Current status of food safety, scientific capability, and industry preparedness. Feed the future innovation lab for food safety. 2021. https:\/\/ag.purdue.edu\/food-safety-innovation-lab\/projects\/resources\/food-safety-system-in-bangladeshcurrent-status-of-food-safety-scientific-capability-and-industry-preparedness\/"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref027","unstructured":"Institute of Epidemiology. Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). 2015. https:\/\/www.iedcr.gov.bd\/website\/images\/PDF\/foodborne_illness\/AWD-2015.pdf"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2020.102612","article-title":"Using the theory of planned behavior to predict food safety behavioral intention: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"N Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007173.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-025-06542-z","article-title":"Influence of knowledge and attitudes on food safety perceptions and behavioral intentions among food business operators in water bottling factories: a PLS-SEM model","volume":"7","author":"TM Woreta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Appl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007173.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11987","article-title":"Food safety and handling knowledge and practices among university students of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"MN Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007173.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05021","article-title":"Evaluation of food safety knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practices of trained and newly recruited untrained workers of two baking industries in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"MF Jubayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2025.101914","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices (KAP) and microbial quality of meat in slaughterhouses: a study in gopalganj, Bangladesh","volume":"21","author":"NM Imran Hossain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108456","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of chicken vendors on food safety and foodborne pathogens at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"131","author":"NA Siddiky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109578","article-title":"Food safety knowledge and handling practices among household food handlers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study","volume":"147","author":"MdN Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007173.ref035","article-title":"Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Associated Factors Among Adult Consumers in Bangladesh: Findings From a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey","volume":"7","author":"N Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7814370","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7814370","article-title":"A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study about the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Food Safety Measures among Rural Households in Bangladesh","volume":"2022","author":"M Rokshana Rabeya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108718","article-title":"Knowledge and awareness about food safety, foodborne diseases, and microbial hazards: A cross-sectional study among Bangladeshi consumers of street-vended foods","volume":"134","author":"MdHA Banna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.10.030","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among consumers in developing countries: An international survey","volume":"116","author":"OA Odeyemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0007173.ref039","article-title":"Review of the Use of GIS in Public Health and Food Safety","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFS3"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107170","article-title":"Spatial analysis of food and water-borne diseases in Ahmedabad, India: Implications for urban public health planning","volume":"253","author":"A Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-26223-9","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks in Brazil: regional inequality analysis and risk area mapping to inform public health strategies","volume":"26","author":"MS Melo","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0007173.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080420","article-title":"Outbreak of mass sociogenic illness in a school feeding program in northwest Bangladesh, 2010","volume":"8","author":"F Haque","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref043","article-title":"41 Pabna school students fall sick over 2 days","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Business Standard"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref044","article-title":"6 teachers held after child dies from food poisoning in Noakhali","author":"The Business Standard","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Business Standard"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref045","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"WG Cochran","year":"1977","edition":"3"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.107012","article-title":"Food safety knowledge and self-reported practices among school children in the Ga West Municipality in Ghana","volume":"110","author":"B Osei Tutu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0007173.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187208","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice of secondary school students in Beijing, China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107360","article-title":"Effects of food safety education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of schoolchildren in southern Taiwan: A propensity score-matched observational study","volume":"124","author":"S-C Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007173.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-07-2014-0277","article-title":"How knowledgeable are high school students about food safety? Results from a predominantly minority Chicago charter school","volume":"117","author":"A Burke","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Food J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007173.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20183051","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary schools learners on sanitation and hygiene practices","volume":"5","author":"APK Shilunga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22937-4","article-title":"Assessing and comparing knowledge, attitude, and practices related to water, sanitation and hygiene among government and non-government school students in Gujarat: a mixed method study","volume":"25","author":"M Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13010118","article-title":"Raw Meat Consumption and Food Safety Challenges: A Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Consumers in Lebanon","volume":"13","author":"R Ballout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"52","key":"pgph.0007173.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2298\/APT2152159S","article-title":"Food safety knowledge among cadets of Military Academy in Republic of Serbia","author":"N Smigic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta per tech"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007173.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081875","article-title":"Awareness and Attitudes of Student Dietitians in Lebanon, UK and USA towards Food Safety","volume":"10","author":"EW Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2016.7917","article-title":"An overview of food safety knowledge and practices in selected schools in the city of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","volume":"10","author":"A Abushelaibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007173.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2399","article-title":"Food safety and sanitation challenges of public university students in a developing country","volume":"9","author":"K Serrem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007173.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4274\/cjms.2020.1836","article-title":"Determining the knowledge level of students on food additives","volume":"7","author":"T Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"cjms"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.53848\/ssstj.v10i1.412","article-title":"A Systematic Review on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Food Safety among School Children: A Global Perspective","volume":"10","author":"PC Wanniarachchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Suan Sunandha Sci & Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007173.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.15850\/amj.v3n2.797","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Food Safety among Senior High School Students in Jatinangor from August\u2212November 2013","volume":"3","author":"HS Binti Ahamad Naina","year":"2016","journal-title":"amj"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007173.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4038\/sljss.v45i2.8586","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among school children: a cross-sectional study based in the Colombo educational zone, Sri Lanka","volume":"45","author":"PC Wanniarachchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21111\/dnj.v6i1.5800","article-title":"Perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, higiene personal dan cemaran mikroba di pondok pesantren kota dan desa","volume":"6","author":"F Febriyani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Darussalam Nutrition Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007173.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.07.042","article-title":"Food safety related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the students from nursing, education and medical college in Chongqing, China","volume":"95","author":"X Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107545","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, food shopping attitude and safety kitchen practices among Romanian consumers: A structural modelling approach","volume":"120","author":"OA Mihalache","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"05","key":"pgph.0007173.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2024.155027","article-title":"Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study","volume":"15","author":"A Hien","year":"2024","journal-title":"FNS"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0007173.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.01.001","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 knowledge and safety perceptions of food additives: Evaluation on the effectiveness of transmitting information on preservatives","volume":"22","author":"S-M Shim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.01.023","article-title":"Misunderstood food date labels and reported food discards: A survey of U.S. consumer attitudes and behaviors","volume":"86","author":"RA Neff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110510","article-title":"Training and tool supply to enhance food safety behaviors among ready-to-eat chicken vendors in informal markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A randomized-controlled trial","volume":"163","author":"DS Madjdian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007173.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091169","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Food Safety and Hygiene Training on Food Handlers","volume":"9","author":"A Insfran-Rivarola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10282-1","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers: A cross-sectional study in school kitchens in Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"AG da Vit\u00f3ria","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6955-2","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices among parents regarding food poisoning: a cross-sectional study from Palestine","volume":"19","author":"SE Zyoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007173.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14808-z","article-title":"Socio-demographic determinants of knowledge, attitude and practices towards food safety among Lebanese population during the economic crisis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"RE Haidari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007173.ref073","article-title":"Pilot Educational Intervention to Acquire Good Food Safety Practices at Home in Guayaquil-Ecuador","volume":"121","author":"V Granda-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acad Nutrit Dietet"},{"issue":"13","key":"pgph.0007173.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6654","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12761","article-title":"Assessing food safety risks based on a geospatial analysis: toward a cross-regional food safety management","volume":"103","author":"W Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"pgph.0007173.ref075","volume-title":"Review of the use of GIS in public health and food safety","author":"AF Jij\u00f3n","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:28:10Z","timestamp":1789061290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007173"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PLOS: Public Library of Science","place":["UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007173","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}