{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:01:47Z","timestamp":1791396107484,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/04750\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04750\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.00492.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.00492.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.03947.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.03947.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.03483.CEECIND\/CP1732\/CT0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.03483.CEECIND\/CP1732\/CT0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Despite extensive conceptual development, the definition and measurement of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence remain inconsistent. This ambiguity obscures what is being assessed and compared across studies. This scoping review examined how adherence is labelled, defined, and operationalised in observational studies of drug-susceptible TB, assessed consistency with contemporary frameworks, and identified methodological gaps. We conducted a scoping review of observational studies on drug-susceptible TB identified from eight databases up to February 2026. Data were extracted on terminology, measurement approaches, and operational definitions. Content analysis was used to map labels and indicators to the constructs they implicitly presuppose. One hundred and three studies were included. Treatment-taking behaviour was mostly assessed through clinician assessment or self-report. Explicit definitions were uncommon, and operational criteria served as\n                    <jats:italic>de facto<\/jats:italic>\n                    definitions. Multidimensional measures were frequently reduced to binary or ordinal outcomes, and most studies relied on cross-sectional designs, reinforcing static representations of a dynamic process. Thus, TB adherence research faces a fundamental problem of construct conflation: the same label is used to describe behaviours that are conceptually distinct, limiting comparability and weakening the interventions\u2019 evidence base. Standardising reporting requirements would strengthen the evidence base for programmes addressing structural and social drivers of adherence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:40:23Z","timestamp":1791394823000},"page":"e0007422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of Tuberculosis treatment adherence: A methodological scoping review of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1450-6670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9421-9300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catarina","family":"Simas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Psicologia e Ci\u00eancias da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-8963","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rute","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-1302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]},{"name":"Faculdade de Psicologia e Ci\u00eancias da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"],"department":["EPIUnit ITR"]},{"name":"INSA - Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge - INSA Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0007422.ref001","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007422.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22573-3","article-title":"Global perspectives on infectious diseases at risk of escalation and their drivers","volume":"15","author":"RJ Walker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci 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