{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1792777327983,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004343","name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health at the Child Mind Institute"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health at the Child Mind Institute"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mozambique is home to 18 million children and adolescents largely underrepresented in mental health research. We conducted a systematic review of evidence-based resources (prevalence estimates, assessment instruments, and interventions) on mental health-related outcomes addressing individuals aged 0\u201319 years in Mozambique. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, and local catalogues. Extraction followed COSMIN and Cochrane manuals (PROSPERO registration: CRD420251016208). The search yielded 81 unique publications, including 61 reports presenting prevalence estimates from 25 studies, 29 reports providing data on 42 assessment instruments, and 9 intervention reports describing 8 intervention trials. The clinical prevalence of mental disorders were estimated in two surveys, conducted in Nampula (ADHD: 13\u00b74%; N\u2009=\u2009748, 6\u201318 years) and Maputo (any mental diagnosis: 23%, anxiety disorders: 17\u00b75%; major depression episode: 8\u00b75%; disruptive behavior disorder: 6\u00b76%; substance use disorders: 4\u00b75%; ADHD: 3\u00b73%; PTSD: 1\u00b72%; N\u2009=\u2009486, 12\u201319 years). Most research focused on psychosocial adversities, with nationally representative adolescent surveys reporting significant exposure to violence (physical\/emotional violence annually: 24\u00b786%; girls suffering intimate partner violence: 21\u00b711%; lifetime sexual abuse: 16\u00b755%). National suicide rates were highest among 15\u201319-year-olds (1\u00b753 per 100,000). Only four instruments were cross-culturally adapted and showed reliable psychometrics (MINI-KID, GAD-7, PHQ-A, and SDQ), whilst unadapted tools performed poorly. There was a single randomized clinical trial which reported a cost-effective intervention for neurodevelopment among high-poverty preschoolers. Children and adolescents in Mozambique face significant psychosocial adversity, and available evidence suggests a substantial burden of mental disorders according to limited clinical data. There are few available instruments assessing mental conditions, and culturally sensitive approaches are warranted for strengthening local research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:35:39Z","timestamp":1792776939000},"page":"e0007513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The science of child and adolescent mental health in Mozambique: A systematic review of prevalence estimates, measurement tools, and interventions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Helena Mutede Cut\u00f3tua","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Mozambique Ministry of Health","place":["Maputo, Mozambique"],"department":["Department of Mental Health"]},{"name":"Hospital Psiqui\u00e1trico de Nampula","place":["Nampula, Mozambique"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4222-868X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauro Estivalete","family":"Marchionatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"department":["Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Psiquiatria e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento"]},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Azevedo","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]},{"name":"Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Cardoso","family":"Campello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]},{"name":"Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Augusto","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"department":["Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Psiquiatria e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento"]},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"]},{"name":"Medical Council, Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Jaguari\u00fana (UNIFAJ) and Centro Universit\u00e1rio Max Planck (UNIMAX), Jaguari\u00fana and Indaiatuba","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry and National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2048-5909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caio Borba","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afonso Mazine Tiago","family":"Fumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mozambique Ministry of Health","place":["Maputo, Mozambique"],"department":["Department of Mental Health"]},{"name":"Beira Central Hospital","place":["Beira, Mozambique"],"department":["Department of Medicine"]},{"name":"Catholic University of Mozambique","place":["Beira, Mozambique"],"department":["Faculty of Health Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jair","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry and Department of Preventive Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Abrah\u00e3o","family":"Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"department":["Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Psiquiatria e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento"]},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)","place":["Porto Alegre, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute (CMI)","place":["New York, New York, United States of America"]},{"name":"Mozambique Ministry of Health","place":["Maputo, Mozambique"],"department":["Department of Mental Health"]},{"name":"Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER)","place":["Maputo, Mozambique"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-7838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeina","family":"Mneimneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stavros 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