{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:12:08Z","timestamp":1791569528836,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]],"date-time":"2007-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,20]],"date-time":"2007-01-20T19:20:03Z","timestamp":1169320803000},"page":"e15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Antiviral Resistance and the Control of Pandemic Influenza"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Lipsitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmed-0040015-b001","unstructured":"US Homeland Security Council 2006 National strategy for pandemic influenza: Implementation plan Washington (D. C.) Executive Office of the President, Homeland Security Council Available: http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/homeland\/nspi_implementation.pdf. Accessed 7 December 2006."},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b002","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006) Strengthening pandemic-influenza preparedness and response, including application of the International Health Regulations 2005 Geneva WHO Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA59\/A59_4-en.pdf. Accessed 7 December 2006."},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh092","article-title":"Containing pandemic influenza with antiviral agents.","volume":"159","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04795","article-title":"Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic.","volume":"442","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601266103","article-title":"Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza in the United States.","volume":"103","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2006.00539.x","article-title":"Design and evaluation of prophylactic interventions using infectious disease incidence data from close contact groups.","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Roy Stat Society"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054512","article-title":"Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection.","volume":"353","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16934-1","article-title":"Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: Descriptive study.","volume":"364","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/4371108a","article-title":"Avian flu: Isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus.","volume":"437","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1086\/515246","article-title":"Emergence of drug resistance during an influenza epidemic: Insights from a mathematical model.","volume":"177","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg136","article-title":"A population-dynamic model for evaluating the potential spread of drug-resistant influenza virus infections during community-based use of antivirals.","volume":"51","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122947","article-title":"Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus: Population dynamical considerations.","volume":"312","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.22.12106","article-title":"Evaluating treatment protocols to prevent antibiotic resistance.","volume":"94","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02130-8","article-title":"The rise and fall of antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058291","article-title":"Oseltamivir resistance\u2014Disabling our influenza defenses.","volume":"353","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000811","article-title":"Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network position statement: Antiviral resistance in influenza A\/H5N1 viruses.","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b017","first-page":"i5","article-title":"Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and its potential for use in the event of an influenza pandemic.","volume":"1","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1086\/424572","article-title":"Influenza viruses resistant to the antiviral drug oseltamivir: Transmission studies in ferrets.","volume":"190","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01339-05","article-title":"Detection of influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors in global surveillance during the first 3 years of their use.","volume":"50","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4075-4084.2005","article-title":"Neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses may differ substantially in fitness and transmissibility.","volume":"49","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00483-3","article-title":"The effect of drug resistance on the fitness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"pmed-0040015-b022","first-page":"S10","article-title":"International perspectives on antiretroviral resistance. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.","volume":"26","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"pmed-0040015-b023","first-page":"S34","article-title":"International perspectives on antiretroviral resistance. Resistance to protease inhibitors.","volume":"26","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000214805.52723.c1","article-title":"Primary HIV drug resistance and efficacy of first-line antiretroviral therapy guided by resistance testing.","volume":"41","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)00005-3","article-title":"The biological cost of antibiotic resistance.","volume":"2","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-3-419","article-title":"Resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to protease inhibitors: selection of resistance mutations in the presence and absence of the drug.","volume":"77","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2004.10.280","article-title":"Isoniazid resistance and the future of drug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b028","unstructured":"AndersonRMMayRM 1991 Infectious diseases of humans: Dynamics and control Oxford Oxford University Press 757"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj317","article-title":"Using social contact data to estimate age-specific transmission parameters for infectious respiratory spread agents.","volume":"164","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.8.joc60020","article-title":"Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005\u20132006 influenza season in the United States.","volume":"295","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1110","article-title":"Modeling epidemics of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis of heterogeneous fitness.","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16947-X","article-title":"Oseltamivir-resistant influenza?","volume":"364","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b033","unstructured":"McNeilDGJr 2006 May 14) Avian flu wanes in Asian nations it first hit hard. New York Times Available: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/14\/world\/asia\/14flu.html?ex=1305259200&en=41357a0196e3fe25&ei=5088. Accessed 7 December 2006."},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7042","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600349103","article-title":"Beneficial and perverse effects of isoniazid preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-tuberculosis coinfected populations.","volume":"103","year":"(2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj021","article-title":"Mechanisms by which antibiotics promote dissemination of resistant pneumococci in human populations.","volume":"163","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.4.1938","article-title":"The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: paradoxes and prescriptions.","volume":"97","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.050681","article-title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68264-0","article-title":"Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.","volume":"367","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1086\/504723","article-title":"Distribution of amantadine-resistant H5N1 avian influenza variants in Asia.","volume":"193","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1050","article-title":"Biologic potential of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus in an avian model.","volume":"159","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.01.012","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy, a potential strategy for reducing the emergence of drug-resistant influenza A variants.","volume":"70","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"pmed-0040015-b042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03063","article-title":"Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza.","volume":"432","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLoS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T09:47:08Z","timestamp":1707558428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040015"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lone","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]}}}