{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:33:37Z","timestamp":1792802017312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T18:12:22Z","timestamp":1243879942000},"page":"e1000084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":339,"title":["Significant Reduction of Antibiotic Use in the Community after a Nationwide Campaign in France, 2002\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Elifsu","family":"Sabuncu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bern\u00e8de-Bauduin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Bo\u00eblle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Watier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Guillemot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371404","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Active Surveillance Team.","volume":"337","author":"A Schuchat","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440360129015","article-title":"Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group.","volume":"157","author":"BJ Marston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1086\/524660","article-title":"Emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes in the era of 7-valent conjugate vaccine.","volume":"46","author":"C Munoz-Almagro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1411.070467","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in Europe.","volume":"14","author":"N van de Sande-Bruinsma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1086\/319604","article-title":"Measuring and interpreting associations between antibiotic use and penicillin resistance in <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic>.","volume":"32","author":"M Lipsitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1086\/340533","article-title":"Control-group selection importance in studies of antimicrobial resistance: examples applied to <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/italic>, enterococci, and <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>.","volume":"34","author":"AD Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj021","article-title":"Mechanisms by which antibiotics promote dissemination of resistant pneumococci in human populations.","volume":"163","author":"MH Samore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1086\/432721","article-title":"Reduction of antibiotic use in the community reduces the rate of colonization with penicillin G-nonsusceptible <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic>.","volume":"41","author":"D Guillemot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) Annual Report 2007.","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030612","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone and other antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995\u20132001.","volume":"10","author":"PL Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/nm839","article-title":"Geographic diversity and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance in <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> in the United States.","volume":"9","author":"AW McCormick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04972-2","article-title":"Variation in antibiotic use in the European Union.","volume":"357","author":"O Cars","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The Copenhagen Recommendations: Report from the Invitational EU Conference on the Microbial Threat. Copenhagen (Denmark): Ministry of Health, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries.","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh342","article-title":"No significant decrease in antibiotic use from 1992 to 2000, in the French community.","volume":"54","author":"A Sommet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i15","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm153","article-title":"The use of antibacterials in children: a report of the Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance (SACAR) Paediatric Subgroup.","volume":"60","author":"M Sharland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh480","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in Dutch primary care in relation to patient age and clinical entities.","volume":"54","author":"AE Akkerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.11.1289","article-title":"A computer network for the surveillance of communicable diseases: the French experiment.","volume":"76","author":"AJ Valleron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","author":"RH Shumway","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"70","article-title":"Intervention analysis with application to economic and environmental problems.","author":"GEP Box","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact on human salmonellosis of control measures targeted to <italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/italic> and <italic>typhimurium<\/italic> in poultry breeding using time-series analysis and intervention models in France.","author":"E Poirier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70799-6","article-title":"Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study.","volume":"365","author":"H Goossens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control","author":"GEP Box","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"3284","article-title":"European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient antibiotic use in Europe, 1998\u20132005.","volume":"12","author":"A Muller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.23.3096","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents.","volume":"287","author":"LF McCaig","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520270048030","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in the United States.","volume":"273","author":"LF McCaig","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.11.875","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for children with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis.","volume":"279","author":"AC Nyquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-7-200304010-00008","article-title":"Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 1991\u20131999.","volume":"138","author":"MA Steinman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.6.577","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to change antibiotic prescribing patterns in a community.","volume":"158","author":"EO Doyne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.591","article-title":"Impact of a waiting room videotape message on parent attitudes toward pediatric antibiotic use.","volume":"108","author":"JG Wheeler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340130046031","article-title":"Improving antibiotic prescribing in office practice. A controlled trial of three educational methods.","volume":"250","author":"W Schaffner","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.575","article-title":"A community intervention trial to promote judicious antibiotic use and reduce penicillin-resistant <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> carriage in children.","volume":"108","author":"EA Belongia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.1","article-title":"Reducing antibiotic use in children: a randomized trial in 12 practices.","volume":"108","author":"JA Finkelstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0819","article-title":"Impact of a 16-community trial to promote judicious antibiotic use in Massachusetts.","volume":"121","author":"JA Finkelstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.16.1512","article-title":"Decreasing antibiotic use in ambulatory practice: impact of a multidimensional intervention on the treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis in adults.","volume":"281","author":"R Gonzales","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.23.3103","article-title":"Changes in antibiotic prescribing for children after a community-wide campaign.","volume":"287","author":"JF Perz","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e6","article-title":"The effect of a community intervention trial on parental knowledge and awareness of antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use in children.","volume":"107","author":"MJ Trepka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"2468","article-title":"Association between antibiotic sales and public campaigns for their appropriate use.","volume":"292","author":"I Bauraind","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70017-3","article-title":"Sustained reduction of antibiotic use and low bacterial resistance: 10-year follow-up of the Swedish Strama programme.","volume":"8","author":"S Molstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dal034","article-title":"Evaluation of a national programme to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections: effects on consumer awareness, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in Australia.","volume":"22","author":"SE Wutzke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl275","article-title":"Antibiotic use among children in British Columbia, Canada.","volume":"58","author":"F Marra","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"912","article-title":"Impact of statewide program to promote appropriate antimicrobial drug use.","volume":"11","author":"EA Belongia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0094-7","article-title":"National campaigns to improve antibiotic use.","volume":"62","author":"H Goossens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39601.623808.4E","article-title":"Multidrug resistance responsible for half of deaths from healthcare associated infections in Europe.","volume":"336","author":"R Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/003655499750006263","article-title":"Major change in the use of antibiotics following a national programme: Swedish Strategic Programme for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents and Surveillance of Resistance (Strama).","volume":"31","author":"S Molstad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39345.405243.BE","article-title":"Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database.","volume":"335","author":"I Petersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl511","article-title":"Can mass media campaigns change antimicrobial prescribing? A regional evaluation study.","volume":"59","author":"MF Lambert","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"3156","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Europe: update of EARSS results.","volume":"12","author":"M de Kraker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"}],"container-title":["PLoS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T12:30:06Z","timestamp":1540211406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000084"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Keith P.","family":"Klugman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]}}}