{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:03:19Z","timestamp":1773514999749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]],"date-time":"2010-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1269896609000},"page":"e1000250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["BMI and Risk of Serious Upper Body Injury Following Motor Vehicle Crashes: Concordance of Real-World and Computer-Simulated Observations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shankuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Purushottam W.","family":"Laud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Pintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Heymsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Injury fact book 2006.","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Traffic safety facts 2005: a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058156","article-title":"Obesity and risk for death due to motor vehicle crashes.","volume":"96","author":"S Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"201","article-title":"Sexual differentiation. A determinant factor of the forms of obesity. 1947.","volume":"4","author":"J Vague","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.6.739","article-title":"Subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution according to sex, age, and overweight, evaluated by computed tomography.","volume":"44","author":"G Enzi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1277","article-title":"Sex differences in lean and adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging: anthropometric relationships.","volume":"59","author":"R Ross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802732","article-title":"Body composition in the SOS (Swedish Obese Subjects) reference study.","volume":"28","author":"I Larsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), Crashworthiness Data System (CDS), Analytic User&apos;s Manual.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS), Coding and Editing Manual.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"The abbreviated injury scale: 1990 revision.","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-2-266","article-title":"Guidelines for statistical reporting in articles for medical journals. Amplifications and explanations.","volume":"108","author":"JC Bailar 3rd","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-245-8_3","article-title":"Application of imaging and other noninvasive techniques in determining adipose tissue mass.","volume":"456","author":"W Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00744.2004","article-title":"Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image.","volume":"97","author":"W Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"111","article-title":"Three-dimensional computer model of the human buttocks, in vivo.","volume":"31","author":"BA Todd","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1953.6.4.252","article-title":"Density of body fat in man and other mammals.","volume":"6","author":"F Fidanza","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Is there really a \u201ccushion effect\u201d?: a biomechanical investigation of crash injury mechanisms in the obese.","author":"RW Kent","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"367","article-title":"Biomechanics of 4-point seat belt systems in frontal impacts.","volume":"47","author":"SW Rouhana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"2518","article-title":"A simulation study on inflation induced injury and NCAP with depowered airbag.","author":"T Kiuchi","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Supplement: development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint systems - II, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Technical Report.","author":"R Eppinger","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31815edefd","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury after frontal crashes: relationship with body mass index.","volume":"66","author":"F Tagliaferri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199208000-00011","article-title":"Body habitus as a predictor of injury pattern after blunt trauma.","volume":"33","author":"BR Boulanger","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200206000-00015","article-title":"Injury rates among restrained drivers in motor vehicle collisions: the role of body habitus.","volume":"52","author":"SG Moran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(01)00017-3","article-title":"The relationship between body weight and risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes.","volume":"34","author":"CN Mock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000064449.11809.48","article-title":"The cushion effect.","volume":"54","author":"S Arbabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Does body composition play a role in motor vehicle injury?","author":"S Zhu","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"619","article-title":"Traffic accidents in commercial long-haul truck drivers: the influence of sleep-disordered breathing and obesity.","volume":"17","author":"RA Stoohs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401104","article-title":"The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents. Cooperative Group Burgos-Santander.","volume":"340","author":"J Teran-Santos","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.1.9709135","article-title":"Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. An epidemiological and mechanistic study.","volume":"158","author":"J Pericas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-5994.2002.00229.x","article-title":"Sleep disorders: a potential role in New Zealand motor vehicle accidents.","volume":"32","author":"B Yee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.7.508","article-title":"Reduction in motor vehicle collisions following treatment of sleep apnoea with nasal CPAP.","volume":"56","author":"CF George","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.9.1587","article-title":"Length of hospital stays among obese individuals.","volume":"94","author":"C Zizza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.9.983","article-title":"Obesity is an independent risk factor of mortality in severely injured blunt trauma patients.","volume":"139","author":"AL Neville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00106-9","article-title":"Car insurance and the risk of car crash injury.","volume":"35","author":"S Blows","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2000.111058","article-title":"Motor vehicle crash fatalities: a comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic motorists in Colorado.","volume":"36","author":"JS Harper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7334.396","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in Swedish children and adolescents injured in road traffic incidents: cross sectional study.","volume":"324","author":"L Laflamme","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["PLoS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T18:43:25Z","timestamp":1558982605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000250"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Lagarde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]]}}}