{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:05:11Z","timestamp":1793225111916,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T13:49:52Z","timestamp":1432043392000},"page":"e1001825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["An Unsupported Preference for Intravenous Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ho Kwong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrose","family":"Agweyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Bejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079747","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship ward rounds and a dedicated prescription chart reduce antibiotic consumption and pharmacy costs without affecting inpatient mortality or re-admission rates","volume":"8","author":"TH Boyles","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1086\/510393","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"44","author":"TH Dellit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-4-40","article-title":"Audit of therapeutic interventions in inpatient children using two scores: are they evidence-based in developing countries?","volume":"4","author":"NY Carreazo","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1159","article-title":"The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies","volume":"81","author":"DG Maki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.05.008","article-title":"Intravascular catheter infections","volume":"73","author":"J Edgeworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61622-X","article-title":"Risk and causes of paediatric hospital-acquired bacteraemia in Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya: a prospective cohort study","volume":"378","author":"AM Aiken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp343","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT): a UK perspective","volume":"64","author":"AL Chapman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70239-6","article-title":"Outcomes of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in intensive care units in the USA and Europe: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"MM Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.151563","article-title":"Short versus long duration of antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in children","volume":"94","author":"DE Karageorgopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl.3","key":"ref11","first-page":"iii1","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009","volume":"64","author":"WS Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl.2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.831","article-title":"Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model","volume":"158","author":"B Vogelman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198815060-00001","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and minocycline","volume":"15","author":"S Saivin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04292.x","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of clindamycin orally and intravenously administered in patients with osteomyelitis","volume":"74","author":"N Bouazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.17.2.199","article-title":"Absorption and disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in normal human subjects","volume":"17","author":"A Arancibia","year":"1980","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60071-9","article-title":"Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial","volume":"371","author":"T Hazir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17100-6","article-title":"Oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 to 59 months: a randomised multicentre equivalency study","volume":"364","author":"E Addo-Yobo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1166","article-title":"Oral Amoxicillin Versus Benzyl Penicillin for Severe Pneumonia Among Kenyan Children: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial","volume":"60","author":"A Agweyu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.074906","article-title":"Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial","volume":"62","author":"M Atkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.4.965","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of inpatient iv. antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia. The optimal duration of therapy","volume":"110","author":"RE Siegel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38993.560984.BE","article-title":"Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial","volume":"333","author":"JJ Oosterheert","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00868-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral and early-switch therapy for community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"111","author":"A Castro-Guardiola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl C","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/28.suppl_C.81","article-title":"The use of oral temafloxacin compared with a parenteral cephalosporin in hospitalized patients with pneumonia","volume":"28","author":"F Vogel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"CD003772","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children","volume":"7","author":"Y Strohmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"CD003992","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"L Vidal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00070-8","article-title":"Oral antibiotic treatment of right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis in injection drug users: prospective randomized comparison with parenteral therapy","volume":"101","author":"AW Heldman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"CD004439","article-title":"Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults","volume":"9","author":"LO Conterno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0596","article-title":"Prolonged intravenous therapy versus early transition to oral antimicrobial therapy for acute osteomyelitis in children","volume":"123","author":"T Zaoutis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.2822","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Intravenous vs Oral Antibiotics for Postdischarge Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis in Children","volume":"169","author":"R Keren","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl.1","key":"ref31","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Treatment of fast breathing in neonates and young infants with oral amoxicillin compared with penicillin-gentamicin combination: study protocol for a randomized, open-label equivalence trial","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (2015) Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotics (OVIVA) for Bone and Joint Infection. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk\/clinicaltrials.php?trial=oviva\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk\/clinicaltrials.php?trial=oviva<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6460.1721","article-title":"First clinical use of penicillin","volume":"289","author":"C Fletcher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"No Magic Bullet, A social history of venereal disease in the United States since 1880","author":"AM Brandt","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61706-2","article-title":"Biological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects","volume":"375","author":"DG Finniss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00029412","article-title":"Barriers to an early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy in hospitalised patients with CAP","volume":"41","author":"MF Engel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T13:45:00Z","timestamp":1540215900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]}}}