{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:07:04Z","timestamp":1792735624391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]],"date-time":"2015-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]],"date-time":"2015-06-09T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1433872226000},"page":"e1001837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Efficacy of Handwashing with Soap and Nail Clipping on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in School-Aged Children: A Factorial Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahmud Abdulkader","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Spigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework Mulugeta","family":"Bezabih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Lopez","family":"Pavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert-Jan","family":"Dinant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman Blanco","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","article-title":"Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases","volume":"118","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1080\/0960312031000102912","article-title":"De-worming school children and hygiene intervention","volume":"13","author":"TV Luong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.119","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of human gastrointestinal parasites in children","volume":"8","author":"MO Harhay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.44","article-title":"An update of anemia in less developed countries","volume":"77","author":"K Tolentino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.006","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis and anaemia: the relationship and potential mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"JF Friedman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001621","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"TW Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neg Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14968-9","article-title":"Sustainable schistosomiasis control-the way forward","volume":"362","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.7.1.37","article-title":"Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration","volume":"7","author":"HL Smits","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series 794","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.07.001","article-title":"The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including hand washing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers","volume":"35","author":"SF Bloomfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.036","article-title":"The global war against intestinal parasites\u2014should we use a holistic approach?","volume":"14","author":"A Alum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00606-6","article-title":"Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"V Curtis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66912-7","article-title":"Effect of hand-washing on child health: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"SP Luby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01568.x","article-title":"Hand-washing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"11","author":"T Rabie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.08.003","article-title":"Ascariasis and handwashing","volume":"103","author":"ICS Fung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(79)80094-3","article-title":"An analytical study of factors related to infestation by intestinal parasites in rural school children (report of a pilot study)","volume":"93","author":"MY Khan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000074","article-title":"Risk factors for intestinal parasitosis, anaemia, and malnutrition among school children in Ethiopia","volume":"107","author":"MA Mahmud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Standard treatment guideline for primary hospitals","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Clinical parasitology: a principal approach","author":"EA Zeibig","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Basic laboratory methods in medical parasitology","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342002000300005","article-title":"Haemoglobin measured by Hemocue and a reference method in venous and capillary blood: a validation study","volume":"44","author":"L Neufeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"WHO\/NHD\/01.3","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289809166102","article-title":"Statistical methods in epidemiology. II: A commonsense approach to sample size estimation","volume":"20","author":"AS Rigby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0300300102","article-title":"Intra-class correlation in random-effects models for binary data","volume":"3","author":"G Rodriguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.02.011","article-title":"Effect of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection rate of intestinal parasites in children in rural Uzbekistan","volume":"101","author":"B Gungorena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-304","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors among schoolchildren at the University of Gondar Community School, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"A Gelaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-102","article-title":"Risk factors for <italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/italic> infection in an agricultural community in Hanam Province, Vietnam","volume":"4","author":"PP Duc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-256","article-title":"The Fit for School health outcome study\u2014a longitudinal survey to assess health impacts of an integrated school health programme in the Philippines","volume":"13","author":"B Monse","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.05.017","article-title":"Nutrition intervention and adequate hygiene practices to improve iron status of vulnerable preschool Burkinabe children","volume":"26","author":"D Sanou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002027","article-title":"How effective is school-based deworming for the community-wide control of soil-transmitted helminths?","volume":"7","author":"RM Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.10.023","article-title":"Comparative studies of hand disinfection and hand-washing procedures as tested by pupils in intervention programs","volume":"39","author":"I Nandrup-Bus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001837","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T11:51:58Z","timestamp":1566820318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001837"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zulfiqar A.","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001837","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]}}}