{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:44:29Z","timestamp":1787899469091,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005930","name":"Emirates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1494342527000},"page":"e1002297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Cetorelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-9497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isaac","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazar","family":"Shabila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Amnesty International. Ethnic cleansing on a historic scale: Islamic State\u2019s systematic targeting of minorities in Northern Iraq. Amnesty International Report; 2014. https:\/\/www.es.amnesty.org\/uploads\/media\/Iraq_ethnic_cleansing_final_formatted.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide. \u201cOur Generation is gone.\u201d The Islamic State\u2019s targeting of Iraqi minorities in Ninewa. Bearing Witness Trip Report; 2015. https:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/m\/pdfs\/Iraq-Bearing-Witness-Report-111215.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"OHCHR. \u201cThey came to destroy\u201d: ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis. A\/HRC\/32\/CRP.2; 2016. http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/HRBodies\/HRCouncil\/CoISyria\/A_HRC_32_CRP.2_en.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"EKurd Daily. Iraqi Kurdistan says 400,000 Yazidi Kurds were displaced from Sinjar district. EKurd Daily; 2015. http:\/\/ekurd.net\/400000-displaced-yazidi-kurds-in-kurdistan-2015-08-05<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Maisel S. Social Change Amidst Terror and Discrimination: Yezidis in the New Iraq. The Middle East Institute Policy Brief. 2008;18. https:\/\/www.files.ethz.ch\/isn\/90905\/No_18_Social_Change_Amidst_Terror.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Yazda and Free Yazidi Foundation. ISIL: Nationals of ICC states parties committing genocide and other crimes against the Yazidis. Requesting the commencement of a preliminary examination in the situation involving genocide and other crimes committed against the Yazidis in Sinjar and Nineveh Plain. Report submitted to the Office of the ICC Chief Prosecutor in The Hague; 2015. https:\/\/www.yazda.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/RED-ISIL-commiting-genocide-against-the-Yazidis.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"REACH. Displacement from Sinjar, 3\u201314 August 2014. REACH Overview Report; 2014. http:\/\/www.reach-initiative.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/REACH_IRQ_InternalDisplacement_Briefing_August2014_Sinjar.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Board of Relief and Humanitarian Affairs. Report on IDP camps in Duhok. BRHA Report; 2015. http:\/\/www.brha-duhok.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Report%20on%20the%20IDP%20camps%20in%20Dohuk-June%202015.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Kurdistan Regional Government. More than 300 thousand displaced Yezidi Kurds in Kurdistan Region. KRG Press Release; 2014. http:\/\/cabinet.gov.krd\/a\/d.aspx?s=040000&l=12&a=52545<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"EKurd Daily. One doctor for 10,000 people in Iraq\u2019s Yazidi Mount Sinjar. EKurd Daily; 2015. http:\/\/ekurd.net\/one-doctor-for-10000-people-in-iraqs-yazidi-mount-sinjar-2015-01-13<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Sidky M, Rummery A. UNHCR steps up aid as Yazidis stream into Syria from Iraq's Mount Sinjar. Dobbs L, editor. UNHCR; 2014. http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/uk\/news\/latest\/2014\/8\/53ecb7a29\/unhcr-steps-aid-yazidis-stream-syria-iraqs-mount-sinjar.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Daloglu T. How will Turkey react to stream of Kurdish refugees? Al Monitor; 2014. http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2014\/09\/turkey-syria-iraq-kobani-isis-kurds-pkk.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"OHCHR. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Iraq in the light of abuses committed by the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and associated groups. A\/HRC\/28\/18; 2015. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/bitstream\/handle\/11176\/310221\/A_HRC_28_18-EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"UNAMI\/OHCHR. A call for accountability and protection: Yezidi survivors of atrocities committed by ISIL. UNAMI\/OHCHR Report; 2016. http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Countries\/IQ\/UNAMIReport12Aug2016_en.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02404-1","article-title":"War and mortality in Kosovo, 1998\u201399: An epidemiological testimony","volume":"355","author":"PB Spiegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7416.650","article-title":"Mortality among displaced former UNITA members and their families in Angola: a retrospective cluster survey","volume":"327","author":"T Grein","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17187-0","article-title":"Violence and mortality in West Darfur, Sudan (2003\u201305): Epidemiological evidence from four surveys","volume":"364","author":"E Depoortere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67923-3","article-title":"Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A nationwide survey","volume":"367","author":"B Coghlan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17441-2","article-title":"Mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: Cluster sample survey","volume":"364","author":"L Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69491-9","article-title":"Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: A cross-sectional cluster sample survey","volume":"368","author":"G Burnham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0707782","article-title":"Violence related mortality in Iraq from 2002 to 2006","volume":"358","author":"AH Alkhuzai","year":"2008","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001533","article-title":"Mortality in Iraq associated with the 2003\u20132011 War and Occupation: Findings from a national cluster sample survey by the University Collaborative Iraq Mortality Study","volume":"10","author":"A Hagopian","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Applied survey data analysis","author":"SG Heeringa","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(98)00007-3","article-title":"Overdispersion: models and estimation","volume":"27","author":"J Hinde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computational Statistics and Data Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000415","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000415","article-title":"Violent deaths of Iraqi Civilians, 2003\u20132008: Analysis by perpetrator, weapon, time, and location","volume":"8","author":"MH Hicks","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Yazda. Mass graves of Yazidis killed by the Islamic State organization or local affiliates on or after August 3, 2014. Yazda Documentation Project; 2016. http:\/\/www.yazda.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Yazda-Report-on-Mass-Graves-Jan-28-2016.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Babille M. Statement on child deaths in Iraq. UNICEF Press Centre; 2015. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/media_74676.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Sherlock R, Malouf C. At least 300 people, mostly children, died on Mount Sinjar, say doctors. The Telegraph; 2014. http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/middleeast\/iraq\/11036425\/At-least-300-people-mostly-children-died-on-Mount-Sinjar-say-doctors.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Amnesty International. Escaped from hell. Torture and sexual slavery in Islamic State captivity in Iraq. Amnesty International Report; 2014. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org.uk\/files\/escape_from_hell_-_torture_and_sexual_slavery_in_islamic_state_captivity_in_iraq_-_english_2.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. Iraq: ISIS escapees describe systematic rape. Yazidi survivors in need of urgent care. Human Rights Watch Report; 2015. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2015\/04\/14\/iraq-isis-escapees-describe-systematic-rape<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Qasem M, Qirani R. Islamic State trained Yazidi children as soldiers. Al Monitor; 2015. http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/security\/2015\/11\/yazidi-children-islamic-state-soldiers.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Counting civilian casualties: An introduction to recording and estimating non-military deaths in conflict","author":"J Klingner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"OHCHR. Statement by the Commission of Inquiry on Syria on the second anniversary of 3 August 2014 attack by ISIS of the Yazidis; 2016. http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20330&LangID=E<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"UN General Assembly. Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide. Resolution 260\/3; 1948. http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/3ae6b3ac0.html<\/ext-link>"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T23:34:08Z","timestamp":1540251248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002297"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002297","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]}}}