{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:03:52Z","timestamp":1769573032349,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]],"date-time":"2017-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Effective Intervention"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]],"date-time":"2017-07-05T17:40:15Z","timestamp":1499276415000},"page":"e1002324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Community health promotion and medical provision for neonatal health\u2014CHAMPION cluster randomised trial in Nagarkurnool district, Telangana (formerly Andhra Pradesh), India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Boone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Eble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3044-4545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Elbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7643-6906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chitra","family":"Jayanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-9079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rashmi","family":"Lakshminarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4182-2644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rohini","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9885-8392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gilda","family":"Piaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padmanabh","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9832","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60560-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000","volume":"379","author":"L Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13779-8","article-title":"Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?","volume":"361","author":"RE Black","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Newborns: reducing mortality. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs333\/en\/index.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs333\/en\/index.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 Oct 25."},{"issue":"9859","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61719-X","article-title":"Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"H Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9730","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60678-2","article-title":"Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000\u201310): taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival","volume":"375","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1441","article-title":"Community-based interventions for improving perinatal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries: a review of the evidence","volume":"115","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Andhra Pradesh: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)\u20142005\u201306. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/rchiips.org\/NFHS\/NFHS-3%20Data\/ap_state_report_printed_version_for_website.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/rchiips.org\/NFHS\/NFHS-3%20Data\/ap_state_report_printed_version_for_website.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 May 23."},{"issue":"9462","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","article-title":"Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?","volume":"365","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9755","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61461-4","article-title":"Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"376","author":"DG Bassani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1257\/089533006776526058","article-title":"Missing in action: teacher and health worker absence in developing countries","volume":"20","author":"N Chaudhury","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Econ Perspect"},{"issue":"9194","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03046-9","article-title":"Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India","volume":"354","author":"AT Bang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9644","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61483-X","article-title":"Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"V Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9721","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62042-0","article-title":"Effect of a participatory intervention with women\u2019s groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in Jharkhand and Orissa, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"P Tripathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1634","article-title":"Effect of implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) programme on neonatal and infant mortality: cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"344","author":"N Bhandari","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9486","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67140-1","article-title":"Buying results? Contracting for health service delivery in developing countries","volume":"366","author":"B Loevinsohn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"CD008133","article-title":"The impact of contracting out on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle income countries","volume":"7","author":"M Lagarde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02667.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the use of vouchers for reproductive health services in developing countries: systematic review","volume":"16","author":"NM Bellows","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"9463","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71088-6","article-title":"Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save?","volume":"365","author":"GL Darmstadt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czm009","article-title":"Impact of packaged interventions on neonatal health: a review of the evidence","volume":"22","author":"RA Haws","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"150","article-title":"Newborn survival in India\u2014challenges and priorities for Andhra Pradesh","volume":"3","author":"TU Rani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neonatal Biol"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences. District Level Household and Facility Survey: 2007\u201308: India. Andhra Pradesh: Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2010. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/rchiips.org\/pdf\/INDIA_REPORT_DLHS-3.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/rchiips.org\/pdf\/INDIA_REPORT_DLHS-3.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 Jun 13."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"National Rural Health Mission. Five years of NRHM. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2009."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Indian Office of the Registrar General. Sample Registration System statistical report 2011. New Delhi: Indian Office of the Registrar General; 2013. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/vital_statistics\/SRS_Report\/1Contents%202011.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/vital_statistics\/SRS_Report\/1Contents%202011.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 Jun 13."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Ministry of Rural Development. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA): report of the second year\u2014April 2006\u2013March 2007. New Delhi: Ministry of Rural Development; 2007. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/nrega.nic.in\/NREGArpt_eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/nrega.nic.in\/NREGArpt_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 Jun 9."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Mahabubnagar district. District statistics: Mahabubnagar district profile\/statistics. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/mahabubnagar.nic.in\/Resources\/DistStat.doc\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/mahabubnagar.nic.in\/Resources\/DistStat.doc<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 Oct 29."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.159593","article-title":"Levels, trends &amp; predictors of infant &amp; child mortality among Scheduled Tribes in rural India","volume":"141","author":"D Sahu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Census 2011. Nagarkurnool population census 2011. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.census2011.co.in\/data\/town\/575744-nagarkurnool-andhra-pradesh.html\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.census2011.co.in\/data\/town\/575744-nagarkurnool-andhra-pradesh.html\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2017 Jun 13."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences, ORC Macro. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) 1998\u201399: India. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2000."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-7-26","article-title":"Community health and medical provision: impact on neonates (the CHAMPION trial)","volume":"7","author":"P Boone","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"220","article-title":"Maternal mortality reduction programme in Andhra Pradesh","volume":"27","author":"M Prakassama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065775","article-title":"The Support to Rural India\u2019s Public Education System (STRIPES) trial: a cluster randomised controlled trial of supplementary teaching, learning material and material support","volume":"8","author":"R Lakshminarayana","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043745","article-title":"Setting international standards for verbal autopsy","volume":"85","author":"F Baiden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.3.499","article-title":"NICE, a new cause of death classification for stillbirths and neonatal and Intrauterine deaths","volume":"27","author":"IG Winbo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9438","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17021-9","article-title":"Effect of a participatory intervention with women\u2019s groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"DS Manandhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"KY Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","first-page":"164","article-title":"Down with odds ratios!","volume":"1","author":"DL Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1214\/088342304000000305","article-title":"Conditional and marginal models: another view","volume":"19","author":"Y Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1976.220","article-title":"Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design","volume":"34","author":"R Peto","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.05.004","article-title":"Comparison of methods for estimating the intraclass correlation coefficient for binary responses in cancer prevention cluster randomized trials","volume":"33","author":"S Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001080","article-title":"Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities","volume":"8","author":"MZ Oestergaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001346","article-title":"The Ottawa statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomized trials","volume":"9","author":"C Weijer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0023-2","article-title":"50 years of neonatology in India: progress and future","volume":"50","author":"S Ramji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"9730","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60744-1","article-title":"India\u2019s Janani Suraksha Yojana, a conditional cash transfer programme to increase births in health facilities: an impact evaluation","volume":"375","author":"SS Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9764","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61894-6","article-title":"Health care and equity in India","volume":"377","author":"Y Balarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"33","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2014.950836","article-title":"Does distance matter for institutional delivery in rural India?","volume":"46","author":"S Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057244","article-title":"Reducing neonatal mortality in India: critical role of access to emergency obstetric care","volume":"8","author":"A Rammohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.042","article-title":"Inequalities in institutional delivery uptake and maternal mortality reduction in the context of cash incentive program, Janani Suraksha Yojana: results from nine states in India","volume":"123","author":"B Randive","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"143","article-title":"China, India and beyond\u2014development drivers and limitations","author":"AV Raman","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref49","author":"R Bhat","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"CD007754","article-title":"Community-based intervention packages for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and improving neonatal outcomes","volume":"3","author":"ZS Lassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9940","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60792-3","article-title":"Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost?","volume":"384","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9879","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60685-6","article-title":"Women\u2019s groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"381","author":"A Prost","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(96)00506-1","article-title":"Economic foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"16","author":"AM Garber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Econ"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T09:00:31Z","timestamp":1750496431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002324"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Kruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]}}}