{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:26:12Z","timestamp":1787671572486,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002141","name":"Public Health England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T18:24:16Z","timestamp":1520360656000},"page":"e1002517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The current and potential health benefits of the National Health Service Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme in England: A microsimulation study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3218-9912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oliver T.","family":"Mytton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Steinacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Langenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-2993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-5375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Woodcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1110421","article-title":"The \u201cMillion Hearts\u201d initiative\u2014preventing heart attacks and strokes","volume":"365","author":"TR Frieden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60355-4","article-title":"UK health performance: findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"381","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Public Health England. From evidence into action: opportunities to protect and improve the nation\u2019s health [Internet]. London; 2014. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/366852\/PHE_Priorities.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"The World Health Organisation. Global action plan to prevent and control non-communicable diseases [Internet]. Geneva; 2013. Available: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/94384\/1\/9789241506236_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"CVD Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316667784","article-title":"Lifestyle and risk factor management in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease. A report from the European Society of Cardiology European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events (EUROASPIRE) IV cross-sectional survey in 14 European regions","volume":"23","author":"K Kotseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Department of Health. Putting Prevention First\u2014Vascular Checks: risk assessment and management [Internet]. 2008. Available: www.healthcheck.nhs.uk\/document.php?o<\/ext-link> = 227"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Public Health England. NHS Health Check Best Practice Guidance [Internet]. London; 2017. Available: http:\/\/www.healthcheck.nhs.uk\/commissioners_and_providers\/guidance\/national_guidance1\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv063","article-title":"NHS Health Checks\u2014a naked emperor?","volume":"37","author":"S Capewell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7191","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7191","article-title":"General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"345","author":"LT Krogsb\u00f8ll","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g3617","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3617","article-title":"Effect of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease in general population: Inter99 randomised trial","volume":"348","author":"T J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv062","article-title":"Invited debate: NHS Health Check: an innovative component of local adult health improvement and well-being programmes in England","volume":"37","author":"J Waterall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008840","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008840","article-title":"The NHS Health Check in England: an evaluation of the first 4 years","volume":"6","author":"J Robson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.05.022","article-title":"Coverage of a national cardiovascular risk assessment and management programme (NHS Health Check): Retrospective database study","volume":"78","author":"KC-M Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"353","article-title":"Cardiovascular screening to reduce the burden from cardiovascular disease: microsimulation study to quantify policy options","author":"C Kypridemos","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066454","article-title":"A Standardized Vascular Disease Health Check in Europe: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","volume":"8","author":"CA Schuetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One. Public Library of Science"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Local Government Association, Public Health England. NHS Health Check\u2014Frequently Asked Questions [Internet]. London; 2013. Available: www.healthcheck.nhs.uk\/document.php?o=448<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"In full: Brown speech on the NHS","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Free health checks could save lives, Jeremy Hunt says","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdu054","article-title":"Views and experiences of the NHS Health Check provided by general medical practices: cross-sectional survey in high-risk patients","volume":"37","author":"J Krska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"232","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perceptions of a NHS Health Check in the primary care setting","volume":"22","author":"C Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual Prim Care"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"University College of London. Health Survey for England [Internet]. [cited 16 Jan 2017]. Available: https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/hssrg\/studies\/hse<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"University College of London. English Longitudinal Study of Aging [Internet]. [cited 16 Jan 2017]. Available: https:\/\/www.elsa-project.ac.uk\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-1-4","article-title":"A generic model for the assessment of disease epidemiology: the computational basis of DisMod II","volume":"1","author":"J Barendregt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Deaths registered in England and Wales","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Cancer Registrations in England","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Mortality Statistics: Deaths registered in England and Wales, 2012. London; 2014."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Health & Social Care Information Centre. National Diabetes Audit 2011\u201312 Report 2: Complications & Mortality [Internet]. Leeds; 2013. Available: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/catalogue\/PUB12738<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61570-6","article-title":"A two-decade comparison of prevalence of dementia in individuals aged 65 years and older from three geographical areas of England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II\u2014PIIS0140673613615706.pdf","author":"FE Matthews","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3584","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3584","article-title":"Survival of people with clinical diagnosis of dementia in primary care: cohort study","volume":"341","author":"G Rait","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"National Centre for Social Research. Health Survey for England, 2012 [computer file]. Colchester; 2013."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.667204","article-title":"Oxford Vascular Study on behalf of the OV. A population-based study of hospital care costs during 5 years after transient ischemic attack and stroke","volume":"43","author":"R Luengo-Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"British Heart Foundation Centre On Population Approaches For Non-Communicable Disease Prevention. Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2015. London; 2016."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d8059","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d8059","article-title":"Determinants of the decline in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in England between 2002 and 2010: linked national database study","volume":"344","author":"K Smolina","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000269","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000269","article-title":"UK stroke incidence, mortality and cardiovascular risk management 1999\u20132008: time-trend analysis from the General Practice Research Database","volume":"1","author":"S Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.475","article-title":"2. Tobacco-attributable cancer burden in the UK in 2010","volume":"105","author":"DM Parkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209991189","article-title":"Systematic review of health behavioral risks and cognitive health in older adults","volume":"22","author":"Y Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000180","article-title":"Epidemiological Pathology of Dementia: Attributable-Risks at Death in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Gandy S, editor","volume":"6","author":"FE Matthews","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","article-title":"The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevalence","volume":"10","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Public Health England, UK Health Forum. Blackfriars Consensus on promoting brain health: Reducing risks for dementia in the population [Internet]. London; 2014. Available: https:\/\/www.alz.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/pdfs\/Blackfriars-Consensus-Statement-promoting-brain-health.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182553be6","article-title":"Is dementia incidence declining?: Trends in dementia incidence since 1990 in the Rotterdam Study","volume":"78","author":"EMC Schrijvers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. National Life Tables, 2010\u20132012. In: England, Interim Life Tables, 1980\u201382 to 2010\u201312 [Internet]. 2013. Available: http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/publications\/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325699<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Public Health England. NHS Health Check data. In: NHS Health Check data 2015 [Internet]. 2015 [cited 16 Jun 2015]. Available: http:\/\/www.healthcheck.nhs.uk\/commissioners_and_providers\/data\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Public Health England. NHS Health Check Best Practice Guidance. London; 2017."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39609.449676.25","article-title":"Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2","volume":"336","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.964700","article-title":"Long-term survival and recurrence after acute myocardial infarction in England, 2004 to 2010","volume":"5","author":"K Smolina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000269","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000269","article-title":"UK stroke incidence, mortality and cardiovascular risk management 1999\u20132008: time-trend analysis from the General Practice Research Database","volume":"1","author":"S Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3","article-title":"Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study","volume":"5","author":"M Kivipelto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"NHS England. NHS Health Checks: National Data [Internet]. [cited 16 Mar 2015]. Available: https:\/\/www.healthcheck.nhs.uk\/commissioners_and_providers\/data\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Robson J, Dostal I, Sheikh A, Eldridge S, Madurasinghe V, Griffiths C, et al. NHS Health Check programme\u2014National Evaluation 2009\u20132013. London; 2014."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30647-5","article-title":"Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"AL Ahern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.12.013","article-title":"Adherence to drugs that prevent cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis on 376,162 patients","volume":"125","author":"SH Naderi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S55382","article-title":"Proportion and risk indicators of nonadherence to antihypertensive therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"M Lemstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Faculty of Public Health. Response from the Faculty of Public Health: Technical Consultation on Economic Modelling of a Policy of Vascular Checks. [Internet]. London; 2008. Available: http:\/\/www.fph.org.uk\/uploads\/DH_vascular_checks_0808.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht295","article-title":"Adherence to cardiovascular therapy: a meta-analysis of prevalence and clinical consequences","volume":"34","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01028.x","article-title":"The English smoking treatment services: one-year outcomes","volume":"100","author":"J Ferguson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000327249","article-title":"Weight Outcomes Audit for 34,271 Adults Referred to a Primary Care\/Commercial Weight Management Partnership Scheme","volume":"4","author":"RJ Stubbs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61368-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174 000 participants in 27 randomised trials","volume":"385","author":"J Fulcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","author":"BS Heran","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn427","article-title":"Do men and women respond differently to blood pressure-lowering treatment? Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials","volume":"29","author":"F Turnbull","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Quitting smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2001\u20132010","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799504803","article-title":"Statins as anti-inflammatory agents in atherogenesis: molecular mechanisms and lessons from the recent clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"AS Antonopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007578","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007578","article-title":"The NHS Health Check programme: implementation in east London 2009\u20132011","volume":"5","author":"J Robson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"800","article-title":"Med Decis Mak","volume":"31","author":"PW Sullivan","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.1.65","article-title":"Prospective study of predictors of attendance for breast screening in inner London","volume":"48","author":"S Sutton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03030.x","article-title":"Exploring age differences in reasons for nonattendance for cervical screening: a qualitative study","volume":"119","author":"J Waller","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2010.009091","article-title":"Trial Management Group. Randomized controlled trial of mammographic screening from age 40 (\u2018Age\u2019 trial): patterns of screening attendance","volume":"17","author":"LE Johns","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309573","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK","volume":"102","author":"P Bhatnagar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60814-3","article-title":"Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK","volume":"378","author":"YC Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12241","article-title":"Twenty-eight day and one-year case fatality after hospitalisation with an acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide data linkage study","volume":"38","author":"C Grey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-8-33","article-title":"Trends and inequalities in short-term acute myocardial infarction case fatality in Scotland, 1988\u20132004","volume":"8","author":"CA Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref72","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Migration by Age. In: Census 2011 [Internet]. 2011 [cited 20 Nov 2017]. Available: https:\/\/www.nomisweb.co.uk\/census\/2011\/UKMIG001\/view\/2092957699?rows=c_migr&cols=c_age<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X687973","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of case-finding strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a modelling study","volume":"67","author":"C Crossan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"g4745","article-title":"Mass treatment with statins","volume":"349","author":"B Goldacre","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001856","article-title":"Health, Health Inequality, and Cost Impacts of Annual Increases in Tobacco Tax: Multistate Life Table Modeling in New Zealand","volume":"12","author":"T Blakely","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.07.009","article-title":"Statin Intolerance: A Literature Review and Management Strategies","volume":"59","author":"DR Saxon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.427","article-title":"Sick individuals and sick populations","volume":"30","author":"G Rose","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.105","article-title":"Salt reduction in the United Kingdom: a successful experiment in public health","volume":"28","author":"FJ He","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"Department of Health. National Service Framework For Coronary Heart Disease [Internet]. London; 2000. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/198931\/National_Service_Framework_for_Coronary_Heart_Disease.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Vascular Team Department of Health. Economic Modelling for Vascular Checks. London; 2008."},{"key":"ref81","unstructured":"Fenton KA, Kelly M, Newton J, Patrick Z, Richards M. NHS Health Check: our approach to the evidence. 2013."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3102","article-title":"Validation of the archimedes diabetes model","volume":"26","author":"DM Eddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E228","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.151201","article-title":"Impact of the National Health Service Health Check on cardiovascular disease risk: a difference-in-differences matching analysis","volume":"188","author":"KC-M Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.047746","article-title":"Could targeted food taxes improve health?","volume":"61","author":"O Mytton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Heal"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2618","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2618","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of the NHS breast screening programme: life table model","volume":"346","author":"PDP Pharoah","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.095109","article-title":"Option appraisal of population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes in England","volume":"56","author":"P Tappenden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref87","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification (CG181). London; 2016."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2011.00262.x","article-title":"Benefits of smoking cessation with focus on cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities","volume":"5","author":"NS Godtfredsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T20:09:21Z","timestamp":1719864561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002517"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]}}}