{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:37:34Z","timestamp":1791920254268,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IPF-2018-12-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPF-2018-12-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T13:30:26Z","timestamp":1588253426000},"page":"e1003100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":384,"title":["Metabolic risk factors and incident advanced liver disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5039-0228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5808-0096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dawn","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-7432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2121-4529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gemma","family":"Spiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9534-4521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin M.","family":"Anstee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-7190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Hanratty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","article-title":"EASL\u2013EASD\u2013EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO)","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003100.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"M Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.057","article-title":"Simple noninvasive systems predict long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"145","author":"P Angulo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1003100.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"S McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.017","article-title":"Using non-invasive biomarkers to identify hepatic fibrosis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study","volume":"60","author":"JR Morling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S004","article-title":"Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20132020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1003100.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0208798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208798","article-title":"Local care and treatment of liver disease (LOCATE)\u2014a cluster-randomized feasibility study to discover, assess and manage early liver disease in primary care","volume":"13","author":"M El-Gohary","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007516","article-title":"Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography","volume":"5","author":"DJ Harman","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015659","article-title":"Economic evaluation of a community-based diagnostic pathway to stratify adults for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a Markov model informed by a feasibility study","volume":"7","author":"L Tanajewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref012","volume-title":"NICE guidance NG49","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9958","key":"pmed.1003100.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61838-9","article-title":"Addressing liver disease in the UK: a blueprint for attaining excellence in health care and reducing premature mortality from lifestyle issues of excess consumption of alcohol, obesity, and viral hepatitis","volume":"384","author":"R Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"pmed.1003100.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"PRISMA Group","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4597","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4597","article-title":"A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies","volume":"364","author":"RD Riley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref019","volume-title":"Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3","author":"Nordic Cochrane Centre","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1321-x","article-title":"Risks and clinical predictors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnoses in adults with diagnosed NAFLD: real-world study of 18 million patients in four European cohorts","volume":"17","author":"M Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmed.1003100.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.02.040","article-title":"Waist\/hip ratio better predicts development of severe liver disease within 20 years than body mass index: a population-based cohort study","volume":"15","author":"A Andreasson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pmed.1003100.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.038","article-title":"Risk factors for severe liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"K Bj\u00f6rkstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.065","article-title":"Diabetes increases the risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"126","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13241","article-title":"Association between diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis mortality: the Singapore Chinese Health Study","volume":"37","author":"GB-B Goh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"13","key":"pmed.1003100.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010214","article-title":"Components of metabolic syndrome increase the risk of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"97","author":"P Golabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.03.019","article-title":"Overweight in late adolescence predicts development of severe liver disease later in life: a 39years follow-up study","volume":"65","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmed.1003100.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313622","article-title":"High BMI in late adolescence predicts future severe liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: a national, population-based cohort study in 1.2 million men","volume":"67","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15162","article-title":"Body mass index in early pregnancy and future risk of severe liver disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"49","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01200-9","article-title":"Is obesity a risk factor for cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization? A population-based cohort study","volume":"125","author":"GN Ioannou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00442-2","article-title":"Is central obesity associated with cirrhosis-related death or hospitalization? A population-based, cohort study","volume":"3","author":"GN Ioannou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003100.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31014","article-title":"Effect of metabolic traits on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"71","author":"F Kanwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c912","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c912","article-title":"Million Women Study Collaborators. Body mass index and risk of liver cirrhosis in middle aged UK women: a prospective study","volume":"340","author":"B Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30818","article-title":"The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis: a study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort","volume":"141","author":"P Nderitu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2446-3","article-title":"Anthropometric and clinical factors associated with mortality in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"M Otgonsuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30083","article-title":"Diabetes, plasma glucose, and incidence of fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer: a prospective study of 0.5 million people","volume":"68","author":"Y Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1003100.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E526","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.092144","article-title":"Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for serious liver disease","volume":"182","author":"L Porepa","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003100.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.560679","article-title":"Overweight and hypertriglyceridemia are risk factors for liver cirrhosis in middle-aged Swedish men","volume":"46","author":"A Schult","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1420219","article-title":"Waist-to-hip ratio but not body mass index predicts liver cirrhosis in women","volume":"53","author":"A Schult","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"pmed.1003100.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S144368","article-title":"Clinical course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an assessment of severity, progression, and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"JC Simeone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1003100.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.213553","article-title":"Components of metabolic syndrome are independent predictors of mortality in patients with chronic liver disease: a population-based study","volume":"59","author":"M Stepanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003100.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.08.005","article-title":"In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolically abnormal individuals are at a higher risk for mortality while metabolically normal individuals are not","volume":"62","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"P Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1003100.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2743-5","article-title":"Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"58","author":"M Stepanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003100.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00014-X","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.014","article-title":"Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver versus nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies","volume":"13","author":"S Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003100.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.034","article-title":"Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management","volume":"62","author":"S McPherson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1003100.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163069","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, type 2 diabetes and fibrosis progression: an observational study in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"S Pelusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003100.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Z Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003100.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10125","key":"pmed.1003100.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32866-0","article-title":"Disease burden and costs from excess alcohol consumption, obesity, and viral hepatitis: fourth report of the Lancet Standing Commission on Liver Disease in the UK","volume":"391","author":"R Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003100.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0485-1","article-title":"Targeting lifestyle behavior change in adults with NAFLD during a 20-min consultation: summary of the dietary and exercise literature","volume":"18","author":"K Hallsworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1003100.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2248","article-title":"Association of weight loss interventions with changes in biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"DA Koutoukidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10215","key":"pmed.1003100.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003100.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-00898-6","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"S Francque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003100.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.033","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"71","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T10:03:42Z","timestamp":1696068222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003100"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Singal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]}}}