{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:21:51Z","timestamp":1785367311966,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204693\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204693\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1975152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1975152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T17:42:58Z","timestamp":1603993378000},"page":"e1003370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Quantifying Plasmodium falciparum infections clustering within households to inform household-based intervention strategies for malaria control programs: An observational study and meta-analysis from 41 malaria-endemic countries"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-5459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gillian","family":"Stresman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5003-2575","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlie","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-7899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2666-094X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teun","family":"Bousema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1141-4","article-title":"Do hotspots fuel malaria transmission: a village-scale spatio-temporal analysis of a 2-year cohort study in The Gambia","volume":"16","author":"GH Stresman","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0887-4","article-title":"Effect of transmission intensity on hotspots and micro-epidemiology of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"15","author":"P Mogeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref003","article-title":"Households or hotspots? Defining intervention targets for malaria elimination in Ratanakiri Province, eastern Cambodia","author":"M Bannister-Tyrrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1003370.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix136","article-title":"Spatial Distribution of Falciparum Malaria Infections in Zanzibar: Implications for Focal Drug Administration Strategies Targeting Asymptomatic Parasite Carriers","volume":"64","author":"A Bjorkman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003370.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063830","article-title":"Reactive case detection for malaria elimination: real-life experience from an ongoing program in Swaziland","volume":"8","author":"HJ Sturrock","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-265","article-title":"A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia","volume":"9","author":"GH Stresman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref007","unstructured":"WHO. Malaria surveillance, monitoring & evaluation: a reference manual. In: Program GM, editor. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003370.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001467","article-title":"Targeting asymptomatic malaria infections: Active surveillance in control and elimination","volume":"10","author":"HJ Sturrock","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2537-5","article-title":"Detection of foci of residual malaria transmission through reactive case detection in Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"E Zemene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref010","article-title":"Malaria hotspots: Is there epidemiological evidence for fine-scale spatial targeting of interventions?","author":"G Stresman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1962-1","article-title":"Estimation of malaria parasite reservoir coverage using reactive case detection and active community fever screening from census data with rapid diagnostic tests in southern Zambia: a re-sampling approach","volume":"16","author":"J Yukich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2260-2","article-title":"Reactive case detection of Plasmodium falciparum in western Kenya highlands: effective in identifying additional cases, yet limited effect on transmission","volume":"17","author":"EK Aidoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-358","article-title":"Active case detection for malaria elimination: a survey among Asia Pacific countries","volume":"12","author":"CS Gueye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003370.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix781","article-title":"Adapting Reactive Case Detection Strategies for falciparum Malaria in a Low-Transmission Area in Cambodia","volume":"66","author":"G Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2399-x","article-title":"Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a surveillance tool for malaria in reactive case detection moving towards elimination","volume":"17","author":"M Tambo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01270-4","article-title":"Examining the human infectious reservoir for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in areas of differing transmission intensity","volume":"8","author":"BP Goncalves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1120-1","article-title":"What is the value of reactive case detection in malaria control? A case-study in India and a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"AM van Eijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15311.1","article-title":"rdhs: an R package to interact with The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program datasets","volume":"4","author":"OJ Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pmed.1003370.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref020","first-page":"40","article-title":"meta: An R package for meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"G Schwarzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"R News"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2843-6","article-title":"The first introduced malaria case reported from Sri Lanka after elimination: implications for preventing the re-introduction of malaria in recently eliminated countries","volume":"18","author":"VM Karunasena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref022","article-title":"Mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and malaria transmission dynamics in The Gambia\u2014a prospective cohort study","author":"J Mwesigwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"10233","key":"pmed.1003370.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30470-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of reactive focal mass drug administration and reactive focal vector control to reduce malaria transmission in the low malaria-endemic setting of Namibia: a cluster-randomised controlled, open-label, two-by-two factorial design trial","volume":"395","author":"MS Hsiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02130","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02130","article-title":"A micro-epidemiological analysis of febrile malaria in Coastal Kenya showing hotspots within hotspots","volume":"3","author":"P Bejon","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmed.1003370.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180845","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180845","article-title":"Spatial clustering of patent and sub-patent malaria infections in northern Namibia: Implications for surveillance and response strategies for elimination","volume":"12","author":"JL Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1003370.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv302","article-title":"Focal Screening to Identify the Subpatent Parasite Reservoir in an Area of Low and Heterogeneous Transmission in the Kenya Highlands","volume":"212","author":"GH Stresman","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref027","unstructured":"WHO. The role of mass drug administration, mass screening and treatment, and focal screening and treatment for malaria. In: Program GM, editor. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2015."},{"key":"pmed.1003370.ref028","article-title":"Active case-finding for malaria: A three-year national evaluation of optimal approaches to detect infections and hotspots through reactive case detection in the low transmission setting of Eswatini","author":"MS Hsiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001165","article-title":"Hitting hotspots: spatial targeting of malaria for control and elimination","volume":"9","author":"T Bousema","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2017.494","article-title":"Fine scale mapping of malaria infection clusters by using routinely collected health facility data in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"YP Mlacha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003370.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3619-0","article-title":"Higher risk of malaria transmission outdoors than indoors by Nyssorhynchus darlingi in riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"12","author":"MP Saavedra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites & vectors"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1003370.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1064","article-title":"Closing in on the Reservoir: Proactive Case Detection in High-Risk Groups as a Strategy to Detect Plasmodium falciparum Asymptomatic Carriers in Cambodia","volume":"66","author":"G Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T17:44:15Z","timestamp":1603993455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003370"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lorenz","family":"von Seidlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003370","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]}}}