{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:34:40Z","timestamp":1790728480704,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000}}],"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Snow Medical"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"The University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Rapid Response grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rapid Response grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"The University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["the University of Sydney Research Excellence Initiative grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the University of Sydney Research Excellence Initiative grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund","award":["MRFF2005760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRFF2005760"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009287","name":"NSW Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-19 Research Grants Round 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 Research Grants Round 2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund","award":["MRFF2001684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRFF2001684"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund","award":["Antiviral Development Call"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Antiviral Development Call"]}]},{"name":"The Australian Governments","award":["Australian Red Cross Lifeblood"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Australian Red Cross Lifeblood"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody neutralization response and its evasion by emerging viral variants and variant of concern (VOC) are unknown, but critical to understand reinfection risk and breakthrough infection following vaccination. Antibody immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens and Spike variants, inhibition of Spike-driven virus\u2013cell fusion, and infectious SARS-CoV-2 neutralization were characterized in 807 serial samples from 233 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)\u2013confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals with detailed demographics and followed up to 7 months. A broad and sustained polyantigenic immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid proteins, along with high viral neutralization, was associated with COVID-19 severity. A subgroup of \u201chigh responders\u201d maintained high neutralizing responses over time, representing ideal convalescent plasma donors. Antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2 during the first COVID-19 wave had reduced immunoreactivity and neutralization potency to emerging Spike variants and VOC. Accurate monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses would be essential for selection of optimal responders and vaccine monitoring and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1625578904000},"page":"e1003656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies: Longevity, breadth, and evasion by emerging viral variants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-6296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fiona","family":"Tea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-8693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ospina Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-0519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anupriya","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-101X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Ross Darley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-9314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deepti","family":"Pilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4161-1911","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniele","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Merheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona X. Z.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-6910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-1394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-087X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Fichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-7827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William D.","family":"Rawlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5343-377X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sonia R.","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vennila","family":"Mathivanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-7696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-9136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"P\u00f6hlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohan","family":"Mazigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Christ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic E.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4329-5198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Rockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitali","family":"Sintchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-3661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Veronica C.","family":"Hoad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-0686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David O.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-5152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iain B.","family":"Gosbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-3337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail V.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7025-2276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Brilot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-5343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stuart G.","family":"Turville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"pmed.1003656.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026116","article-title":"Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland","volume":"383","author":"DF Gudbjartsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"52","key":"pmed.1003656.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe5511","article-title":"Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients","volume":"5","author":"B Isho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1003656.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2025179","article-title":"Rapid Decay of Anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"FJ Ibarrondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10250","key":"pmed.1003656.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31483-5","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study","volume":"396","author":"M Poll\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6506","key":"pmed.1003656.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc7520","article-title":"Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model","volume":"369","author":"TF Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref006","article-title":"Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"6521","key":"pmed.1003656.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd7728","article-title":"Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months","volume":"370","author":"A Wajnberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003656.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.012","article-title":"The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity","volume":"182","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref009","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo","author":"YJ Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003656.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.043","article-title":"Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus","volume":"182","author":"B Korber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref011","article-title":"Landscape analysis of escape variants identifies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref012","article-title":"COVID-19 CG: Tracking SARS-CoV-2 mutations by locations and dates of interest","author":"AT Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref013","article-title":"Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020","author":"EB Hodcroft","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref014","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants-Tackling a Moving Target","author":"JR Mascola","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003656.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0786-3","article-title":"Characterization of the human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody response in demyelination","volume":"7","author":"F Tea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003656.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055515","article-title":"Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV and Their Role in Vaccine Design","volume":"34","author":"DR Burton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2014.10.012","article-title":"Molecular determinants of the ratio of inert to infectious virus particles","volume":"129","author":"PJ Klasse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003656.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.1.232-244.1991","article-title":"Transport of incoming influenza virus nucleocapsids into the nucleus","volume":"65","author":"K Martin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"52","key":"pmed.1003656.ref020","article-title":"Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients","volume":"5","author":"AS Iyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1003656.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142004","article-title":"Sex, age, and hospitalization drive antibody responses in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor population","volume":"130","author":"SL Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7821","key":"pmed.1003656.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2456-9","article-title":"Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals","volume":"584","author":"DF Robbiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref023","article-title":"Neutralizing Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Inpatients and Convalescent Patients","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref024","article-title":"Evolution of immunity to SARS-CoV-2","author":"AK Wheatley","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmed.1003656.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00941-20","article-title":"Performance Characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and Seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho","volume":"58","author":"A Bryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6520","key":"pmed.1003656.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd4250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4250","article-title":"Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity","volume":"370","author":"E Shrock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003656.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.044","article-title":"Longitudinal Isolation of Potent Near-Germline SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies from COVID-19 Patients","volume":"182","author":"C Kreer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1003656.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2747","article-title":"Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"325","author":"P Janiaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref029","article-title":"Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial","author":"PW Horby","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003656.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102875","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19 infections: Results of a multicenter clinical study","volume":"59","author":"H Abolghasemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci."},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref031","article-title":"Significantly Decreased Mortality in a Large Cohort of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients Transfused Early with Convalescent Plasma Containing High-Titer Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein IgG","author":"E Salazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref032","article-title":"Convalescent Plasma Antibody Levels and the Risk of Death from Covid-19","author":"R.E. C Joyner MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref033","article-title":"Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults","author":"R Libster","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref034","article-title":"Therapeutic use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency","author":"JW Senefeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref035","first-page":"Cd013600","article-title":"Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review","volume":"10","author":"KL Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref036","first-page":"100228","article-title":"Long-term persistence of RBD-positive memory B cells encoding neutralising antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"A Arunasingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"6529","key":"pmed.1003656.ref037","article-title":"Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection","volume":"371","author":"JM Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003656.ref038","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Ebola Virus Glycoprotein with Increased Infectivity Dominated the 2013\u20132016","volume":"167","author":"WE Diehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemic. Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003656.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.032","article-title":"Structural and Functional Analysis of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant","volume":"183","author":"L Yurkovetskiy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref040","article-title":"Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to neutralization by monoclonal and serum-derived polyclonal antibodies","author":"RE Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref041","article-title":"Mutational escape from the polyclonal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is largely shaped by a single class of antibodies","author":"AJ Greaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003656.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.013","article-title":"Quantification of the Impact of the HIV-1-Glycan Shield on Antibody Elicitation","volume":"19","author":"T Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref043","first-page":"2021","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 RBD in vitro evolution follows contagious mutation spread, yet generates an able infection inhibitor","volume":"2021","author":"J Zahradn\u00edk","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"10273","key":"pmed.1003656.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00183-5","article-title":"Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence.","volume":"397","author":"EC Sabino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003656.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.02.012","article-title":"Influenza vaccines: challenges and solutions","volume":"17","author":"K Houser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref046","article-title":"Persistent symptoms up to four months after community and hospital-managed SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"DR Darley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1003656.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002762","article-title":"Mobilization of HIV spread by diaphanous 2 dependent filopodia in infected dendritic cells","volume":"8","author":"A Aggarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1003656.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302259","article-title":"Efficient lentiviral transduction of Herpesvirus saimiri immortalized T cells as a model for gene therapy in primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"11","author":"MG Toscano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003656.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pmed.1003656.ref050","article-title":"Genome-wide CRISPR Screens Reveal Host Factors Critical for SARS-CoV-2","author":"J Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection. Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1003656.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020247","article-title":"SARS Coronavirus-2 microneutralisation and commercial serological assays correlated closely for some but not all enzyme immunoassays","volume":"13","author":"GW Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003656.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1137","article-title":"Resolution of de novo HIV production and trafficking in immature dendritic cells","volume":"5","author":"SG Turville","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1003656.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1000-7","article-title":"Revealing COVID-19 transmission in Australia by SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing and agent-based modeling","volume":"26","author":"RJ Rockett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"pmed.1003656.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty407","article-title":"Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution","volume":"34","author":"J Hadfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T17:18:37Z","timestamp":1626801517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003656","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.12.19.20248567","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}}}