{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:01:29Z","timestamp":1793192489655,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Office of Publich Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P300PB_177933 and P4P4PM_194496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P300PB_177933 and P4P4PM_194496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of the University of Basel"},{"name":"NIHR Pre-Doctoral Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["BO\/00498\/17\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00498\/17\/5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously found that 25% of 1,017 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) approved between 2000 and 2003 were discontinued prematurely, and 44% remained unpublished at a median of 12 years follow-up. We aimed to assess a decade later (1) whether rates of completion and publication have increased; (2) the extent to which nonpublished RCTs can be identified in trial registries; and (3) the association between reporting quality of protocols and premature discontinuation or nonpublication of RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 326 RCT protocols approved in 2012 by research ethics committees in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada in this metaresearch study. Pilot, feasibility, and phase 1 studies were excluded. We extracted trial characteristics from each study protocol and systematically searched for corresponding trial registration (if not reported in the protocol) and full text publications until February 2022. For trial registrations, we searched the (i) World Health Organization: International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP); (ii) US National Library of Medicine (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ); (iii) European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (EUCTR); (iv) ISRCTN registry; and (v) Google. For full text publications, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. We recorded whether RCTs were registered, discontinued (including reason for discontinuation), and published. The reporting quality of RCT protocols was assessed with the 33-item SPIRIT checklist. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between the independent variables protocol reporting quality, planned sample size, type of control (placebo versus other), reporting of any recruitment projection, single-center versus multicenter trials, and industry versus investigator sponsoring, with the 2 dependent variables: (1) publication of RCT results; and (2) trial discontinuation due to poor recruitment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 326 included trials, 19 (6%) were unregistered. Ninety-eight trials (30%) were discontinued prematurely, most often due to poor recruitment (37%; 36\/98). One in 5 trials (21%; 70\/326) remained unpublished at 10 years follow-up, and 21% of unpublished trials (15\/70) were unregistered. Twenty-three of 147 investigator-sponsored trials (16%) reported their results in a trial registry in contrast to 150 of 179 industry-sponsored trials (84%).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median proportion of reported SPIRIT items in included RCT protocols was 69% (interquartile range 61% to 77%). We found no variables associated with trial discontinuation; however, lower reporting quality of trial protocols was associated with nonpublication (odds ratio, 0.71 for each 10% increment in the proportion of SPIRIT items met; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009). Study limitations include that the moderate sample size may have limited the ability of our regression models to identify significant associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have observed that rates of premature trial discontinuation have not changed in the past decade. Nonpublication of RCTs has declined but remains common; 21% of unpublished trials could not be identified in registries. Only 16% of investigator-sponsored trials reported results in a trial registry. Higher reporting quality of RCT protocols was associated with publication of results. Further efforts from all stakeholders are needed to improve efficiency and transparency of clinical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:37:42Z","timestamp":1651066662000},"page":"e1003980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Nonregistration, discontinuation, and nonpublication of randomized trials: A repeated metaresearch analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3301-8085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Speich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2361-6794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Gryaznov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0178-8712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason W.","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria L.","family":"Gloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-4802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Szimonetta","family":"Lohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Klatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-1611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ala","family":"Taji Heravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilabh","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-0314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hopin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-1636","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anita","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-8112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioana R.","family":"Marian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Saccilotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-0375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edris","family":"Nury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0110-8585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kasenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4620-7010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena","family":"Ojeda\u2013Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8429-0337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schandelmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tomonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1716-993X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alain","family":"Amstutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Pauli\u2013Magnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-4967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharina","family":"Wollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-5450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Rehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1333-5403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joerg J.","family":"Meerpohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Nordmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7583-8137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngai","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Jiho","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2147-3160","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Mc Cord \u2013 De Iaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4438-4961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sirintip","family":"Sricharoenchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0931-7851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arnav","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-1173","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schwenkglenks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-1432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lars G.","family":"Hemkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-0406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik","family":"von Elm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-6549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethan","family":"Copsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-1856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra N.","family":"Griessbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9856-3500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christof","family":"Sch\u00f6nenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-1613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominik","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2877-1029","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anette","family":"Bl\u00fcmle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"von Niederh\u00e4usern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Hopewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele","family":"Odutayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-5230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias","family":"Briel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003980.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774507087704","article-title":"Specific barriers to the conduct of randomized trials","volume":"5","author":"L Duley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9253","key":"pmed.1003980.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03651-5","article-title":"Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials","volume":"357","author":"R Collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1003980.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.516","article-title":"Registering clinical trials","volume":"290","author":"K Dickersin","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9474","key":"pmed.1003980.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66588-9","article-title":"Is this clinical trial fully registered? A statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors","volume":"365","author":"CD De Angelis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref005","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. EudraCT Home Page. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https:\/\/eudract.ema.europa.eu\/index.html."},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref006","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov Background. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/about\u2013site\/background."},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref007","first-page":"7","article-title":"Commission Guideline\u2014Guidance on Posting and Publication of Result\u2013Related Information on Clinical Trials in Relation to the Implementation of Article 57 (2) of Regulation (EC) No 726\/2004 and Article 41(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1901\/2006","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref008","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007. [cited 2022 Mar 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/PLAW\u2013110publ85\/pdf\/PLAW\u2013110publ85.pdf#page=82."},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m982","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m982","article-title":"Prospective registration and reporting of trial number in randomised clinical trials: global cross sectional study of the adoption of ICMJE and Declaration of Helsinki recommendations","volume":"369","author":"M Al\u2013Durra","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003980.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2825-y","article-title":"Adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors\u2019 (ICMJE) prospective registration policy and implications for outcome integrity: a cross\u2013sectional analysis of trials published in high\u2013impact specialty society journals","volume":"19","author":"AD Gopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1310-8","article-title":"When are clinical trials registered? An analysis of prospective versus retrospective registration","volume":"17","author":"SL Harriman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.11.018","article-title":"The clinical trial transparency in oncology significantly increased over the recent years","volume":"119","author":"SY Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9913","key":"pmed.1003980.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62296-5","article-title":"Increasing value and reducing waste: addressing inaccessible research","volume":"383","author":"AW Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1003980.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.1361","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and publication of discontinued randomized trials","volume":"311","author":"B Kasenda","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003980.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04808-y","article-title":"Rationale and design of repeated cross\u2013sectional studies to evaluate the reporting quality of trial protocols: the Adherence to SPIrit REcommendations (ASPIRE) study and associated projects","volume":"21","author":"D Gryaznov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref016","article-title":"Reporting quality of clinical trial protocols: a repeated cross sectional study about the Adherence to SPIrit Recommendations in Switzerland, CAnada, and GErmany (ASPIRE\u2013SCAGE)","author":"D Gryaznov","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Forthcoming"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref017","article-title":"Reporting quality of trial protocols improved for non\u2013regulated interventions but not regulated interventions: A repeated cross\u2013sectional study","author":"S Lohner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.07.016","article-title":"A systematic review of discontinued trials suggested that most reasons for recruitment failure were preventable","volume":"80","author":"M Briel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1003980.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials","volume":"158","author":"AW Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"AW Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003980.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1168-6","article-title":"Registration of published randomized trials: a systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"16","author":"L Trinquart","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1003980.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-016-2112-3","article-title":"Prevention of selective outcome reporting: let us start from the beginning","volume":"72","author":"R Dal\u2013Re","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref023","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Does the medical literature remain inadequately described despite having reporting guidelines for 21 years?\u2013A systematic review of reviews: an update","volume":"11","author":"Y Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1003980.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114023","article-title":"Extent of non\u2013publication in cohorts of studies approved by research ethics committees or included in trial registries","volume":"9","author":"C Schmucker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"pmed.1003980.ref025","first-page":"197","article-title":"Publication and non\u2013publication of clinical trials: longitudinal study of applications submitted to a research ethics committee","volume":"138","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"20","key":"pmed.1003980.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.20.2457","article-title":"Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles","volume":"291","author":"AW Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref027","unstructured":"Logullo PA\u2013O, MacCarthy A, Kirtley S, Collins GS. Reporting guideline checklists are not quality evaluation forms: they are guidance for writing. (2398\u20138835 (Electronic))."},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref028","unstructured":"Federal Act on Research involving Human Beings (Human Research Act, HRA). [cited 2021 Sep 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.swissmedic.ch\/dam\/swissmedic\/en\/dokumente\/bewilligungen\/klv\/federal_act_on_researchinvolvinghumanbeingshumanresearchacthra.pdf.download.pdf\/federal_act_on_researchinvolvinghumanbeingshumanresearchacthra.pdf."},{"key":"pmed.1003980.ref029","unstructured":"Houses of Parliament. Parliamentary Office of Scence & Technology. Regulating Clinical Trials. [cited 2021 Sep 14]. Available from: https:\/\/researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk\/documents\/POST\u2013PN\u20130561\/POST\u2013PN\u20130561.pdf."},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1003980.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006666","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006666","article-title":"Evidence\u2013informed recommendations to reduce dissemination bias in clinical research: conclusions from the OPEN (Overcome failure to Publish nEgative fiNdings) project based on an international consensus meeting","volume":"5","author":"JJ Meerpohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"20","key":"pmed.1003980.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.651","article-title":"Reporting and interpretation of randomized controlled trials with statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes","volume":"303","author":"I Boutron","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1003980.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2128898","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28898","article-title":"Reliability of Trial Information Across Registries for Trials With Multiple Registrations: A Systematic Review","volume":"4","author":"B Speich","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1003980.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3173-2","article-title":"COMPare: a prospective cohort study correcting and monitoring 58 misreported trials in real time","volume":"20","author":"B Goldacre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T14:50:43Z","timestamp":1652280643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Kesselheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003980","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}}}