{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:22:03Z","timestamp":1787170923435,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID19F01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID19F01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Safety monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is crucial during mass vaccination rollout to inform the choice of vaccines and reduce vaccine hesitancy. Considering the scant evidence directly comparing the safety profiles of mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, this territory-wide cohort study aims to compare the incidence of various adverse events of special interest (AESIs) and all-cause mortality between CoronaVac (inactivated vaccine) and BNT162b2 (mRNA-based vaccine). Our results can help vaccine recipients make an informed choice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective, population-based cohort of individuals who had received at least 1 dose of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac from 23 February to 9 September 2021 in Hong Kong, and had data linkage to the electronic medical records of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority, were included. Those who had received mixed doses were excluded. Individuals were observed from the date of vaccination (first or second dose) until mortality, second dose vaccination (for first dose analysis), 21 days after vaccination, or 30 September 2021, whichever came first. Baseline characteristics of vaccinated individuals were balanced between groups using propensity score weighting. Outcome events were AESIs and all-cause mortality recorded during 21 days of post-vaccination follow-up after each dose, except anaphylaxis, for which the observation period was restricted to 2 days after each dose. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of AESIs and mortality comparing between CoronaVac and BNT162b2 recipients were estimated after each dose using Poisson regression models. Among 2,333,379 vaccinated individuals aged 18 years or above, the first dose analysis included 1,308,820 BNT162b2 and 955,859 CoronaVac recipients, while the second dose analysis included 1,116,677 and 821,560 individuals, respectively. The most frequently reported AESI among CoronaVac and BNT162b2 recipients was thromboembolism (first dose: 431 and 290 per 100,000 person-years; second dose: 385 and 266 per 100,000 person-years). After the first dose, incidence rates of overall AESIs (IRR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.89\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.703) and mortality (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.63\u20131.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.868) associated with CoronaVac were generally comparable to those for BNT162b2, except for Bell palsy (IRR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.12\u20133.41,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.018), anaphylaxis (IRR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.14\u20130.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.012), and sleeping disturbance or disorder (IRR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49\u20130.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.006). After the second dose, incidence rates of overall AESIs (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.87\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.545) and mortality (IRR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.51\u20131.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.516) were comparable between CoronaVac and BNT162b2 recipients, with no significant differences observed for specific AESIs. The main limitations of this study include residual confounding due to its observational nature, and the possibility of its being underpowered for some AESIs with very low observed incidences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we observed that the incidences of AESIs (cumulative incidence rate of 0.06%\u20130.09%) and mortality following the first and second doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccination were very low. The safety profiles of the vaccines were generally comparable, except for a significantly higher incidence rate of Bell palsy, but lower incidence rates of anaphylaxis and sleeping disturbance or disorder, following first dose CoronaVac versus BNT162b2 vaccination. Our results could help inform the choice of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, mainly administered in low- and middle-income countries with large populations, in comparison to the safety of mRNA vaccines. Long-term surveillance on the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines should continue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T13:25:45Z","timestamp":1655817945000},"page":"e1004018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Adverse events of special interest and mortality following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Hong Kong: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-6071","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos King Ho","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy Tsz Kwan","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9418-7448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5904-8322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivan Chi Ho","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-1959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco Tsz Tsun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-1147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric Yuk Fai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine Sze Ling","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-7808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-9470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esther Wai Yin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-6599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Le","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-1575","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franco Wing Tak","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-1941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sydney Chi Wai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-0014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian Chi Kei","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1004018.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00592-1","article-title":"Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape","volume":"21","author":"JS Tregoning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1004018.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210804","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.0804","article-title":"Fear of adverse effects and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: recommendations of the treatment expectation expert group","volume":"2","author":"W. Rief","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"10296","key":"pmed.1004018.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01429-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey","volume":"398","author":"MD Tanriover","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1004018.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30987-7","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults aged 60 years and older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Z Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1004018.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30843-4","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18\u201359 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1004018.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122629","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of coronavac side effects: an independent cross-sectional study among healthcare workers in Turkey","volume":"10","author":"A Riad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pmed.1004018.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1925112","article-title":"Safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthcare workers in China","volume":"20","author":"M-X Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1004018.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.001","article-title":"Relapse of primary membranous nephropathy after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination","volume":"100","author":"MF Ayd\u0131n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1004018.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab373","article-title":"Three cases of subacute thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: postvaccination ASIA syndrome","volume":"106","author":"BG \u0130remli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1004018.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.04.018","article-title":"Type 1 Kounis syndrome induced by inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine","volume":"61","author":"\u0130H \u00d6zdemir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1004018.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab155","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury following CoronaVac anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"14","author":"S Unver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref012","author":"Silver Spring (MD)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"27","key":"pmed.1004018.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"FP Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmed.1004018.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110475","article-title":"Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide setting","volume":"385","author":"N Barda","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"pmed.1004018.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15072","article-title":"Surveillance for adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"326","author":"NP Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1004018.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2833","article-title":"Myocarditis following immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in members of the US military","volume":"6","author":"J Montgomery","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108786","article-title":"Neurologic adverse events among 704,003 first-dose recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Mexico: a nationwide descriptive study","volume":"229","author":"M Garc\u00eda-Grimshaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-3700","article-title":"Carditis After COVID-19 vaccination with a messenger RNA Vaccine and an inactivated virus vaccine","volume":"175","author":"FTT Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.03.010","article-title":"Minimal change disease following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"78","author":"L Lebedev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1004018.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.009","article-title":"Is COVID-19 vaccination unmasking glomerulonephritis?","volume":"100","author":"HZ Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01556-7","article-title":"Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"M Patone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmed.1004018.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.1259","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 vaccination and facial nerve palsy: a case-control study","volume":"147","author":"A Shemer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1931","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1931","article-title":"Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after Covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study","volume":"374","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27214","article-title":"Safety of COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"93","author":"QA Al Khames Aga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00878-5","article-title":"Safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"M Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00336-1","article-title":"Comparative systematic review and meta-analysis of reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"6","author":"I McDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02059-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid review","volume":"19","author":"Q Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00451-5","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control study","volume":"22","author":"EYF Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1004018.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.2219","article-title":"Association of facial paralysis with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: a disproportionality analysis using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database","volume":"181","author":"L Renoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1004018.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00646-0","article-title":"Adverse event reporting and Bell\u2019s palsy risk after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"21","author":"C Khouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref031","article-title":"Covid-19 vaccines: safety surveillance manual - Monitoring and responding to adverse events of special interest","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref032","volume-title":"Early vaccination for all\u2014about the vaccines","author":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","year":"2022"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h6926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6926","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes associated with use of clarithromycin: population based study","volume":"352","author":"AYS Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1004018.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4571","article-title":"Association between prenatal exposure to antipsychotics and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, preterm birth, and small for gestational age","volume":"181","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1004018.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.1363","article-title":"Association between dabigatran vs warfarin and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"317","author":"WC Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmed.1004018.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2183","article-title":"Association of risk of suicide attempts with methylphenidate treatment","volume":"74","author":"KKC Man","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1004018.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30100-0","article-title":"Association between methylphenidate treatment and risk of seizure: a population-based, self-controlled case-series study","volume":"4","author":"KKC Man","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3671","article-title":"Association between treatment with apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin and risk for osteoporotic fractures among patients with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study","volume":"173","author":"WCY Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2050952","article-title":"Adverse events of special interest following the use of BNT162b2 in adolescents: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"FTT Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28068-3","article-title":"Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with Covid-19 vaccines in Hong Kong","volume":"13","author":"FTT Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref041","article-title":"Lack of inflammatory bowel disease flare-up following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine: a population-based cohort study","author":"X Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221571","article-title":"Two-dose COVID-19 vaccination and possible arthritis flare among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Hong Kong","volume":"81","author":"X Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1004018.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26478","article-title":"COVID\u201019 vaccines and risks of hematological abnormalities: nested case\u2013control and self\u2010controlled case series study","volume":"97","author":"W Sing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100393","article-title":"Herpes zoster related hospitalization after inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a self-controlled case series and nested case-control study","volume":"21","author":"EYF Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmed.1004018.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0684","article-title":"Safety of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccination among patients treated for hypothyroidism: a population-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"X Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref046","volume-title":"Vaccines and immunizations: interim clinical considerations","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref047","unstructured":"vACCine covid-19 monitoring readinESS. Protocol: background rates of adverse events of special interest for monitoring COVID-19 vaccines Version 1.1. Utrecht: vACCine covid-19 monitoring readinESS; 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 18]. Available from: https:\/\/vac4eu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ACCESS_BGRprotocolSept212020.pdf."},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref048","unstructured":"Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines. SO2-D2.1.2 priority list of COVID-19 adverse events of special interest: quarterly update\u2014December 2020. Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines; 2020 Dec 23 [cited 2022 Mar 18]. Available from: https:\/\/brightoncollaboration.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/SO2_D2.1.2_V1.2_COVID-19_AESI-update-23Dec2020.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00460-6","article-title":"Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study","volume":"22","author":"M Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1004018.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13453","article-title":"Post-Covid-19-vaccination adverse events and healthcare utilization among individuals with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"291","author":"FTT Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02321-4","article-title":"Impact of a delayed second dose of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on risks of all-cause mortality, emergency department visit, and unscheduled hospitalization","volume":"20","author":"CKH Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref052","volume-title":"Early vaccination for all\u2014FAQs","author":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","year":"2022"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l5657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5657","article-title":"Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners","volume":"367","author":"RJ Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"25","key":"pmed.1004018.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"PC Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1004018.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.19139\/soic-2310-5070-557","article-title":"Overdisp: a Stata (and Mata) package for direct detection of overdispersion in poisson and negative binomial regression models","volume":"8","author":"LPL F\u00e1vero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Optim Inf Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmed.1004018.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030221","article-title":"Allergic reactions to current available COVID-19 vaccinations: pathophysiology, causality, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"9","author":"NG Kounis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S333098","article-title":"CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine-induced anaphylaxis: clinical characteristics and revaccination outcomes","volume":"14","author":"W Laisuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"33","key":"pmed.1004018.ref058","first-page":"2100694","article-title":"Reports of anaphylaxis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, South Korea, 26 February to 30 April 2021","volume":"26","author":"E Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmed.1004018.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1967","article-title":"Reports of anaphylaxis after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in the US\u2014December 14, 2020\u2013January 18, 2021","volume":"325","author":"TT Shimabukuro","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"pmed.1004018.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2035343","article-title":"Maintaining safety with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"384","author":"MC Castells","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1004018.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02706-9","article-title":"Postmortem investigation of fatalities following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"135","author":"J Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-021-00326-7","article-title":"Potential adverse events in Japanese women who received tozinameran (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech)","volume":"14","author":"R Shimazawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2021.101895","article-title":"Deaths associated with newly launched SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Comirnaty)","volume":"51","author":"C Edler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmed.1004018.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00273-5","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines\u2014an unfolding story","volume":"21","author":"N Cirillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101412","article-title":"ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders","volume":"34","author":"NL Bragazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmed.1004018.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.13.2","article-title":"Autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld\u2019s syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum","volume":"9","author":"O Vera-Lastra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108818","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"230","author":"M Garc\u00eda-Grimshaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pmed.1004018.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A956","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab048.1954","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis after mRNA vaccine for Covid-19","volume":"5","author":"S Franquemont","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109730","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel","volume":"385","author":"D Mevorach","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref070","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination among adolescents in Hong Kong","author":"X Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref071","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute myocarditis\/pericarditis in Hong Kong adolescents following Comirnaty vaccination","author":"GT Chua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1004018.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01681-7","article-title":"Post-COVID-vaccine autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome in response to adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) manifesting as subacute thyroiditis","volume":"45","author":"L Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102685","article-title":"Blood clots and bleeding events following BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: an analysis of European data","volume":"122","author":"L Cari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7","key":"pmed.1004018.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01408-4","article-title":"First-dose ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines and thrombocytopenic, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in Scotland","volume":"27","author":"CR Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pmed.1004018.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12600","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12600","article-title":"Prevalence of anti\u2013platelet factor 4\/polyanionic antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac in Thais","volume":"5","author":"P Noikongdee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref076","unstructured":"Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines. SO2- D2.5.2.1\u2014AESI case definition companion guide for 1st tier AESI: anaphylaxis. Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines; 2021 Feb 5 [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https:\/\/brightoncollaboration.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/SPEAC_D2.5.2.1_Anaphylaxis-Case-Definition-Companion-Guide_V1.0-12070-1.pdf."},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref077","unstructured":"University of Hong Kong Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. COVID-19 vaccines adverse events response and evaluation (CARE) programme. University of Hong Kong; 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.hkcare.hku.hk\/."},{"key":"pmed.1004018.ref078","unstructured":"LKS Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. COVID19Hub: our contribution to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. University of Hong Kong; 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.pharma.hku.hk\/en\/COVID19Hub\/COVID-19-Main."}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T13:26:59Z","timestamp":1655818019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004018"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amitabh Bipin","family":"Suthar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]}}}