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We aimed to investigate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes\u2014preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, small for gestational age (SGA) birth, large for gestational age (LGA) birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)\u2014by interpregnancy interval (IPI) for births following a previous miscarriage or induced abortion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a cohort study using a total of 49,058 births following a previous miscarriage and 23,707 births following a previous induced abortion in Norway between 2008 and 2016. We modeled the relationship between IPI and 6 adverse pregnancy outcomes separately for births after miscarriages and births after induced abortions. We used log-binomial regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the adjusted model, we included maternal age, gravidity, and year of birth measured at the time of the index (after interval) births. In a sensitivity analysis, we further adjusted for smoking during pregnancy and prepregnancy body mass index. Compared to births with an IPI of 6 to 11 months after miscarriages (10.1%), there were lower risks of SGA births among births with an IPI of &lt;3 months (8.6%) (aRR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and 3 to 5 months (9.0%) (aRR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). An IPI of &lt;3 months after a miscarriage (3.3%) was also associated with lower risk of GDM (aRR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) as compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (4.5%). For births following an induced abortion, an IPI &lt;3 months (11.5%) was associated with a nonsignificant but increased risk of SGA (aRR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.07) as compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (10.0%), while the risk of LGA was lower among those with an IPI 3 to 5 months (8.0%) (aRR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (9.4%). There was no observed association between adverse pregnancy outcomes with an IPI &gt;12 months after either a miscarriage or induced abortion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05), with the exception of an increased risk of GDM among women with an IPI of 12 to 17 months (5.8%) (aRR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), 18 to 23 months (6.2%) (aRR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and \u226524 months (6.4%) (aRR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.10) compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (4.5%) after a miscarriage. Inherent to retrospective registry-based studies, we did not have information on potential confounders such as pregnancy intention and health-seeking bahaviour. Furthermore, we only had information on miscarriages that resulted in contact with the healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study suggests that conceiving within 3 months after a miscarriage or an induced abortion is not associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In combination with previous research, these results suggest that women could attempt pregnancy soon after a previous miscarriage or induced abortion without increasing perinatal health risks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T18:21:31Z","timestamp":1669141291000},"page":"e1004129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancies following miscarriages or induced abortions in Norway (2008\u20132016): A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-8151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gizachew A.","family":"Tessema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri E.","family":"H\u00e5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3740-8117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-6193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annette K.","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-732X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-3774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Magnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmed.1004129.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l869","article-title":"Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study","volume":"364","author":"MC Magnus","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmed.1004129.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600627022","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of previous spontaneous abortion in Sweden in 1983\u20132003: a register study.","volume":"85","author":"A Adolfsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"7251","key":"pmed.1004129.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708","article-title":"Maternal age and fetal loss: 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