{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:06:39Z","timestamp":1792112799846,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmedicine.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) have been reported to have excess mortality rates from infection compared to patients without SMI, but whether SMI is associated with higher or lower case fatality rates (CFRs) among infected patients remains unclear. The primary objective was to compare the 90-day CFR in septic shock patients with and without SMI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), after adjusting for social disadvantage and physical health comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study of all adult patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU in France between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, using the French national hospital database. We matched (within hospitals) in a ratio of 1:up to 4 patients with and without SMI (matched-controls) for age (5 years range), sex, degree of social deprivation, and year of hospitalization. Cox regression models were conducted with adjustment for smoking, alcohol and other substance addiction, overweight or obesity, Charlson comorbidity index, presence of trauma, surgical intervention, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score, organ failures, source of hospital admission (home, transfer from other hospital ward), and the length of time between hospital admission and ICU admission. The primary outcome was 90-day CFR. Secondary outcomes were 30- and 365-day CFRs, and clinical profiles of patients.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>A total of 187,587 adult patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU were identified, including 3,812 with schizophrenia, 2,258 with bipolar disorder, and 5,246 with major depressive disorder. Compared to matched controls, the 90-day CFR was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia (1,052\/3,269 = 32.2% versus 5,000\/10,894 = 45.5%; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65,0.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), bipolar disorder (632\/1,923 = 32.9% versus 2,854\/6,303 = 45.3%; aHR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63,0.76, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and major depressive disorder (1,834\/4,432 = 41.4% versus 6,798\/14,452 = 47.1%; aHR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.81,0.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Study limitations include inability to capture deaths occurring outside hospital, lack of data on processes of care, and problems associated with missing data and miscoding in medico-administrative databases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings suggest that, after adjusting for social disadvantage and physical health comorbidity, there are improved septic shock outcome in patients with SMI compared to patients without. This finding may be the result of different immunological profiles and exposures to psychotropic medications, which should be further explored.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T17:38:34Z","timestamp":1678729114000},"page":"e1004202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of severe mental illness and septic shock case fatality rate in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A national population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-6248","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ines","family":"Lakbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-758X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Orleans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-3123","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kossi Josue","family":"Srougbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sambou","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Michel","family":"Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Solmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6011-6951","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-6622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laurent","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Fond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2502","article-title":"Mortality in Mental Disorders and Global Disease Burden Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"ER Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmed.1004202.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20994","article-title":"Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors.","volume":"21","author":"CU Correll","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.092718","article-title":"Physical health disparities and mental illness: the scandal of premature mortality.","volume":"199","author":"G. Thornicroft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4","article-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness","volume":"6","author":"J Firth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30414-6","article-title":"Disparities in cancer screening in people with mental illness across the world versus the general population: prevalence and comparative meta-analysis including 4\u2008717\u2008839 people.","volume":"7","author":"M Solmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21010031","article-title":"Disparities in Screening and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Mental Disorders Across the World: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 47 Observational Studies.","volume":"178","author":"M Solmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x","article-title":"Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care.","volume":"10","author":"M De Hert","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00036.x","article-title":"Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. II. Barriers to care, monitoring and treatment guidelines, plus recommendations at the system and individual level.","volume":"10","author":"M De Hert","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.059","article-title":"Decreasing Case-Fatality But Not Death Following Admission to ICUs in Australia, 2005\u20132018.","volume":"159","author":"KB Laupland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70061-X","article-title":"Assessment of the worldwide burden of critical illness: the Intensive Care Over Nations (ICON) audit.","volume":"2","author":"J-L Vincent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2478-6","article-title":"Frequency and mortality of septic shock in Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"J-L Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14091100","article-title":"Thirty-Day Mortality After Infection Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.","volume":"172","author":"AR Ribe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.08.006","article-title":"The association of unipolar depression with thirty-day mortality after hospitalization for infection: A population-based cohort study in Denmark.","volume":"89","author":"DS Davydow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194371","article-title":"A risk-model for hospital mortality among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock based on German national administrative claims data","volume":"13","author":"D Schwarzkopf","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0265240","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265240","article-title":"Impact of history of mental disorders on short-term mortality among hospitalized patients with sepsis: A population-based cohort study.","volume":"17","author":"L Oud","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227752","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227752","article-title":"Incidence, trends, and outcomes of infection sites among hospitalizations of sepsis: A nationwide study.","volume":"15","author":"EH Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001392","article-title":"A Severe Sepsis Mortality Prediction Model and Score for Use With Administrative Data.","volume":"44","author":"DW Ford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1424-5","article-title":"The impact of obesity on outcomes after critical illness: a meta-analysis.","volume":"35","author":"CW Hogue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769309","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.769309","article-title":"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"12","author":"M Afzal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1266-9","article-title":"Diagnosing sepsis is subjective and highly variable: a survey of intensivists using case vignettes.","volume":"20","author":"C Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu750","article-title":"Comparison of trends in sepsis incidence and coding using administrative claims versus objective clinical data","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6513a2","article-title":"Varying Estimates of Sepsis Mortality Using Death Certificates and Administrative Codes\u2014United States, 1999\u20132014.","volume":"65","author":"L Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1772-1","article-title":"The interrater reliability of SAPS II and SAPS 3.","volume":"36","author":"K Strand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e583","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30187-2","article-title":"End-of-life care among patients with schizophrenia and cancer: a population-based cohort study from the French national hospital database","volume":"4","author":"G Fond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa158","article-title":"Disparities in Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality Among Patients With Schizophrenia and COVID-19: A National Cohort Study.","volume":"47","author":"G Fond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100209","article-title":"Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications in women with schizophrenia: a national population-based cohort study","volume":"10","author":"C Fabre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115305","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15305","article-title":"Association of Annual Intensive Care Unit Sepsis Caseload With Hospital Mortality From Sepsis in the United Kingdom, 2010\u20132016","volume":"4","author":"R Maharaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.092","article-title":"Comparison of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients: A nationwide study in France.","volume":"156","author":"X Armoiry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) Statement.","volume":"12","author":"EI Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy313","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy313","article-title":"Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Worldwide Data From the Intensive Care over Nations Audit.","volume":"5","author":"Y Sakr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ecological association between a deprivation index and mortality in France over the period 1997\u20132001: Variations with spatial scale, degree of urbanicity, age, gender and cause of death.","volume":"9","author":"G Rey","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"H Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the Standardized Difference to Compare the Prevalence of a Binary Variable Between Two Groups in Observational Research.","volume":"38","author":"PC Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","article-title":"Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough.","volume":"4","author":"GM Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1934-4","article-title":"Protracted immune disorders at one year after ICU discharge in patients with septic shock","volume":"22","author":"F Rich\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2618","article-title":"Sepsis severe or septic shock: outcome according to immune status and immunodeficiency profile","volume":"146","author":"V Tolsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668527","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.668527","article-title":"Identification of Key Immune-Related Genes in the Progression of Septic Shock.","volume":"12","author":"J Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624279","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624279","article-title":"Immune Deregulation in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Reversing Immune Paralysis by Targeting PD-1\/PD-L1 Pathway.","volume":"11","author":"Y Nakamori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2174\/187153006777442396","article-title":"Neuro-immune-endocrine mechanisms during septic shock: role for nitric oxide in vasopressin and oxytocin release","volume":"6","author":"EC Carnio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2357-1","article-title":"The association between autoimmune disease and 30-day mortality among sepsis ICU patients: a cohort study.","volume":"23","author":"M Sheth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression","volume":"21","author":"DR Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-022-00628-1","article-title":"Association of multiple sclerosis with mortality in sepsis: a population-level analysis.","volume":"10","author":"L Oud","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.12.011","article-title":"A comparative examination of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants on LPS stimulated microglia","volume":"26","author":"RJ Tynan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01021-4","article-title":"Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study","volume":"26","author":"N Hoertel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau5266","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5266","article-title":"Modulation of the sigma-1 receptor\u2013IRE1 pathway is beneficial in preclinical models of inflammation and sepsis","volume":"11","author":"DA Rosen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-020-00208-y","article-title":"Respiratory infections during lithium and valproate medication: a within-individual prospective study of 50,000 patients with bipolar disorder.","volume":"9","author":"M Land\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0098-x","article-title":"Acute schizophrenia is accompanied by reduced T cell and increased B cell immunity","volume":"260","author":"J Steiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.06.004","article-title":"T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia in acute psychotic episode and the course of the treatment.","volume":"152","author":"K Maino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2136510","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.36510","article-title":"Do the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine Reduce Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19?","volume":"4","author":"N. Hoertel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2020.05.006","article-title":"Repurposing chlorpromazine to treat COVID-19: The reCoVery study.","volume":"46","author":"M Plaze","year":"2020","journal-title":"L\u2019Encephale"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13623","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113623","article-title":"Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fluoxetine in a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Mouse Model.","volume":"23","author":"D P\u00e9ricat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01804-5","article-title":"Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study.","volume":"12","author":"N Hoertel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref053","article-title":"Assessing the Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Prevention of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19","author":"H Sidky","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedRxiv Prepr Serv Health Sci"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01309-5","article-title":"The acid sphingomyelinase\/ceramide system in COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"J Kornhuber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02109-3","article-title":"Association between antidepressant use and ED or hospital visits in outpatients with SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"12","author":"BA Fritz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5882","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195882","article-title":"Antidepressant Use and Its Association with 28-Day Mortality in Inpatients with SARS-CoV-2: Support for the FIASMA Model against COVID-19.","volume":"11","author":"N Hoertel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22760","article-title":"Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"324","author":"EJ Lenze","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00448-4","article-title":"Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"G Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e226269","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6269","article-title":"Fluvoxamine for Outpatient Management of COVID-19 to Prevent Hospitalization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"TC Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15126","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of fluvoxamine in COVID-19 ICU patients: An open label, prospective cohort trial with matched controls","volume":"88","author":"M Calusic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2013095","article-title":"Severe mental disorders and vaccinations\u2014a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"N Bonkat","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02950-2","article-title":"Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019- results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"24","author":"M Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S214909","article-title":"Validity of ICD-10 diagnoses of overweight and obesity in Danish hospitals.","volume":"11","author":"SB Gribsholt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"pmed.1004202.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-70","article-title":"Coding of obesity in administrative hospital discharge abstract data: accuracy and impact for future research studies.","volume":"14","author":"B-J Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T17:40:15Z","timestamp":1679938815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004202","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1549-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}}}