{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:39:35Z","timestamp":1787618375809,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["117858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["117858"]}]},{"name":"University Capacity Development Programme College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal"},{"name":"Schizophrenia International Research Society"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Institutional Clinician Researcher Scholarship Programme"},{"name":"NRF Evaluating and Rating of Individual Researchers","award":["RA171218294830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA171218294830"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmentalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing literature from high-resource settings suggests that exposure to traumatic life events is associated with increased risk for psychosis. Research on how people with psychosis in South Africa perceive and make sense of their past traumatic life events is lacking. This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of persons living with psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The study explored how individuals living with psychosis describe and conceptualize their traumatic life experiences and how it impacted them. We used a qualitative narrative research study design. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted in English and\/or isiZulu with 19 adult patients with early psychosis who were receiving treatment at provincial hospitals in the eThekwini district in KZN, South Africa (mean age = 28.7\u00b17.6, mostly male (68%) and unemployed (74%)). We analysed transcribed data using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Participants\u2019 descriptions of traumatic life experiences included parent-child relationship disruption during their formative years and other adverse events associated with being separated from their parental figures including residential instability, financial hardship, sexual and physical abuse, and peer and community violence. Participants also described the experience of psychosis as a traumatic event. These traumatic experiences led to sense of loss for some participants, while others described post-traumatic stress symptoms including reexperiencing their trauma memories through psychotic episodes. The study provides clinical insight on the experiences of trauma among people with psychosis and highlights the need for adopting a trauma-informed service model in early psychosis care in South Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T17:29:04Z","timestamp":1727976544000},"page":"e0000070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experiences of trauma among persons living with psychosis in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-100X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vuyokazi","family":"Ntlantsana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud B.","family":"Donda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-4670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mihoko","family":"Maru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1795-6634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nduku G.","family":"Wambua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Chhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeeda","family":"Paruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonginkosi","family":"Chiliza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-008X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000495","article-title":"Vulnerability to psychosocial disability in psychosis.","volume":"28","author":"S.L. Griffiths","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0578-7","article-title":"An evaluation of variation in published estimates of schizophrenia prevalence from 1990\u2500 2013: a systematic literature review","volume":"15","author":"J.C. Simeone","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref003","article-title":"Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management","author":"N.I.f.C Excellence","year":"2014","journal-title":"NICE guidelines [CG178],"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043808719865693","DOI":"10.1177\/2043808719865693","article-title":"Prediction of disability in schizophrenia: Symptoms, cognition, and self-assessment","volume":"10","author":"P.D. Harvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators.","author":"L. Sideli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref006","first-page":"sbx161","article-title":"Childhood Trauma Is Associated With Severity of Hallucinations and Delusions in Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","author":"T. Bailey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref007","article-title":"Association of Trauma Type, Age of Exposure, and Frequency in Childhood and Adolescence With Psychotic Experiences in Early Adulthood","author":"J. Croft","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref008","article-title":"The Role of Childhood Trauma in Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.","author":"B. Inyang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172257","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2172257","article-title":"Trauma exposure and psychometric properties of the life events checklist among adults in South Africa.","volume":"14","author":"A. Stevenson","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-182","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa: analysis from the South African Stress and Health Study","volume":"13","author":"L. Atwoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmen.0000070.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001703","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia in the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the Xhosa people (SAX) study in South Africa.","volume":"50","author":"S. Mall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000070.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253782.47140.ac","article-title":"Measuring anxiety in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"195","author":"S. Seedat","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of nervous and mental disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000070.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20252","article-title":"Multiple traumatic events and psychological distress: the South Africa stress and health study","volume":"20","author":"S.L. Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.05.014","article-title":"Exposure to trauma and the clinical presentation of first-episode psychosis in South Africa","volume":"45","author":"J.K. Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872812461019","article-title":"Multicultural social work and national trauma: Lessons from South Africa","volume":"58","author":"S. Abdullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Social Work,"},{"issue":"49","key":"pmen.0000070.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.17159\/2309-8708\/2015\/n49a7","article-title":"Crime, fear and continuous traumatic stress in South Africa: What place social cohesion?","volume":"49","author":"G. Eagle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology in Society"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref017","year":"2020","journal-title":"eThekwini Municipality, About eThekwini Municipality, in About Durban, eThekwini Municipality, Editor"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref018","article-title":"Victims of Crime Survey (VOCS), Statistical Release P0341","author":"SA Stats","year":"2019","journal-title":". Statistics South"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000070.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e046593","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046593","article-title":"Investigating the impact of HIV on patients with first episode psychosis: a study protocol for a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"11","author":"U. Chhagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed."},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref021","author":"J.A. Smith","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463714541642","article-title":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain","volume":"9","author":"J.A. Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Pain"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref023","first-page":"73","author":"J.A. Smith","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","article-title":"The qualitative content analysis process","volume":"62","author":"S. Elo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"163\u2013194","key":"pmen.0000070.ref025","first-page":"105","article-title":"Competing paradigms in qualitative research","volume":"2","author":"E.G. Guba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Handbook of qualitative research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref026","first-page":"49","article-title":"Management of trauma and PTSD","volume":"31","author":"J.J. Benson-Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Continuing Medical Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7665-5","article-title":"Overcrowding and health in two impoverished suburbs of Johannesburg, South Africa.","volume":"19","author":"V. Nkosi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000070.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-0124.5504005","article-title":"Fluid Households, Complex Families: The Impacts of Children\u2019s Migration as a Response to HIV\/AIDS in Southern Africa.","volume":"55","author":"L. Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Professional Geographer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/0376835X.2018.1452716","article-title":"Who cares for children? A quantitative study of childcare in South Africa.","volume":"35","author":"M. Hatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development Southern Africa"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.02.002","article-title":"Childhood Bereavement and Lower Stress Resilience in Late Adolescence","volume":"63","author":"B. Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025695","article-title":"The impacts of parental loss and adverse parenting on mental health: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication","volume":"5","author":"A. Nickerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076812472623","article-title":"The long-term impact of early parental death: lessons from a narrative study","volume":"106","author":"J. Ellis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref033","first-page":"203","article-title":"From the Cradle to the Grave: The Effect of Adverse Caregiving Environments on Attachment and Relationships Throughout the Lifespan","volume":"24","author":"C. Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000070.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/1755738018823817","article-title":"Attachment difficulties and disorders","volume":"12","author":"M. Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice,"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12231","article-title":"The relationship between insecure attachment and paranoia in psychosis: A systematic literature review","volume":"59","author":"R. Lavin","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001501","article-title":"Rethinking health systems in the context of urbanisation: challenges from four rapidly urbanising low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"4","author":"H. Elsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000495","article-title":"The impact of urbanization on mental health service provision: a Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Africa focus","volume":"32","author":"L.J. Robertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry,"},{"issue":"11\/12","key":"pmen.0000070.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4102\/sajs.v106i11\/12.223","article-title":"A socio-structural analysis of crime in the city of Tshwane, South Africa","volume":"106","author":"G.D. Breetzke","year":"2010","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2022.917764","article-title":"Urbanization and human security in post-colonial Africa","volume":"4","author":"E. Eyita-Okon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pmen.0000070.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.10.025","article-title":"The trauma of psychosis: posttraumatic stress disorder and recent onset psychosis","volume":"116","author":"K.T. Mueser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02999-x","article-title":"A systematic review of PTSD to the experience of psychosis: prevalence and associated factors.","volume":"21","author":"G. Buswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12103","article-title":"Understanding the trauma of first-episode psychosis","volume":"9","author":"J.E. Dunkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000158","article-title":"Distinguishing schizophrenia from posttraumatic stress disorder with psychosis","volume":"28","author":"A OConghaile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001006","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with severe mental illness in a non-western setting: Data from rural Ethiopia.","author":"A.A. Ametaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy,"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000070.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000442","article-title":"Decreased Self-Concept Clarity in People with Schizophrenia.","volume":"204","author":"D.C. Cicero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807703","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1807703","article-title":"The sense of self in the aftermath of trauma: lessons from the default mode network in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"11","author":"R.A. Lanius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.11.005","article-title":"Now what do I do?\u201c: Toward a conceptual understanding of the effects of traumatic events on identity functioning.","volume":"79","author":"A.S. Waterman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.06.015","article-title":"Childhood trauma, PTSD, and psychosis: Findings from a highly traumatized, minority sample.","volume":"58","author":"A. Powers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03808-3","article-title":"Trauma and psychosis: a qualitative study exploring the perspectives of people with psychosis on the influence of traumatic experiences on psychotic symptoms and quality of life.","volume":"22","author":"C. Campodonico","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref050","first-page":"n\/a","article-title":"Examining the Relationship Between Trauma, Post\u2010Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychosis in Patients in a UK Secondary Care Service.","author":"D. Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref051","author":"E.C. Campbell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychosocial interventions for co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorder"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref052","article-title":"Stability of retrospective self\u2010reports of childhood trauma in first\u2010episode psychosis.","author":"S. Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early intervention in psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.053","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in psychotic disorders","volume":"156","author":"M. Cay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of psychiatric research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000070.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000231","article-title":"Towards a culturally appropriate trauma assessment in a South African Zulu community","volume":"9","author":"T. Madigoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.01.045","article-title":"The traumatic experience of first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"189","author":"R. Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophrenia research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000070.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1348\/014466503322528892","article-title":"Relationships between trauma and psychosis: A review and integration","volume":"42","author":"A.P. Morrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"13","key":"pmen.0000070.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171600146X","article-title":"Psychological processes underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis in daily life: an experience sampling study.","volume":"46","author":"U. Reininghaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00033","article-title":"Early Psychosis and Trauma-Related Disorders: Clinical Practice Guidelines and Future Directions","volume":"8","author":"C.A. Cragin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725322","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1725322","article-title":"Traumatic loss and psychosis\u2013reconceptualising the role of trauma in psychosis","volume":"11","author":"S. Vallath","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"pmen.0000070.ref060","volume-title":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019)","author":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000070.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416641195","article-title":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders","volume":"50","author":"C. Galletly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000070.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.1.71","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of trauma and post-traumatic stress symptoms in operational members of the South African National Defence Force.","volume":"168","author":"S. Seedat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Military medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000070.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001704","article-title":"Parental bereavement in young children living in South Africa and Malawi: Understanding mental health resilience","volume":"78","author":"A. Macedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"}],"container-title":["PLOS Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T17:29:28Z","timestamp":1727976568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000070"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lily","family":"Kpobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2837-8156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-8156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}}}