{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:01:42Z","timestamp":1791334902501,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmentalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suicide is now the 2nd leading cause of death. Despite existing prevention initiatives, the incidence of suicide deaths among younger population has risen in recent years. The study aimed to determine the social and behavioral predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) among adolescents and young adults. We analyzed data from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) involving 17,232 U.S. students in grades 9\u201312. Among respondents, 20.85% (3,593) reported suicidal ideation, and 10.17% (1,753) attempted suicide. Of the 3,526 participants with depression, 46.23% (1,630) experienced suicidal ideation, and 19.46% (686) attempted suicide. Among the 8,152 female participants, 27.42% (2,335) reported suicidal ideation, and 13.37% (1,090) reported suicide attempts. Also, 29.06% of 3,981 participants who were overweight experienced SI and 14.02% of them attempted suicide. We developed independent SI and SA prediction models using extreme gradient boosting (XGB), logistic regression (LR), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithms. The LR model demonstrated the best performance in predicting both SI and SA, with an accuracy of 0.74 (for both), specificity of 0.71 for SI; 0.69 for SA, and sensitivity (0.77 for SI; 0.81 for SA). It also achieved high positive predictive values (PPV) of 0.90 for SI; 0.95 for SA, and an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.82 for both outcomes. The model identified cyberbullying (electronically bullied), drug use, forced sexual intercourse, sexual violence, difficulty in concentrating, and early use of alcohol or marijuana, as some of the most important and common predictors of SI and SA. In conclusion, our research advocates for the urgent development of support systems that address the early signs of suicidal behaviors. It also surfaces the fact that predicting with certainty who is likely to attempt suicide remains a challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:27:34Z","timestamp":1735928854000},"page":"e0000221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Behavioral and social predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yeganeh","family":"Shahsavar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-0709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Avishek","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref001","volume-title":"Suicide in the world: global health estimates","author":"Organization WH","year":"2019"},{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref002","author":"CDC","year":"2023","journal-title":"Suicide Data and Statistics"},{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref003","author":"CDC","year":"2021","journal-title":"YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY: DATA SUMMARY & TRENDS REPORT"},{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref004","volume-title":"Preventing suicide: A global imperative","author":"Organization WH","year":"2014"},{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref005","author":"Organization WH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmen.0000221.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199609000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years.","volume":"35","author":"AL Beautrais","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry."},{"key":"pmen.0000221.ref007","author":"Control CfD, Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leading causes of death reports, national and regional, 1999\u20132013"},{"issue":"25","key":"pmen.0000221.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03297-3","article-title":"Lifetime trauma, symptoms of psychological disturbance, and suicidal ideation among university students in Malaysia.","volume":"42","author":"SR Ghazali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000221.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-018-1196-1","article-title":"Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","volume":"64","author":"A Miranda-Mendizabal","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of public health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000221.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13106","article-title":"Annual Research Review: A meta\u2010analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents","volume":"61","author":"CR Glenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of child psychology and psychiatry"},{"issue":"352","key":"pmen.0000221.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Death rates due to suicide and homicide among persons aged 10\u201324: United States, 2000\u20132017.","author":"SC Curtin","year":"2019","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief."},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000221.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1187","article-title":"Trends of suicidal behaviors among high school students in the United States: 1991\u20132017","volume":"144","author":"MA Lindsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000221.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30259-0","article-title":"Tackling stigma in self-harm and suicide in the young","volume":"6","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000221.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12679","article-title":"Exposure to violence, a risk for suicide in youths and young adults. 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